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BIO 115 Exam #1 > exam #3 Key Term Part 4 > Flashcards

exam #3 Key Term Part 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the act of eating or feeding

A

ingestion

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2
Q

where food is broken down into molecules small enough for the body to absorb

A

digestion

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3
Q

consuming something for energy

A

feeding

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4
Q

plant eaters(primary consumers)

A

herbivores

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5
Q

animal eaters

A

carnivores

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6
Q

plant and animal eaters

A

omnivores

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7
Q

insufficient intake of nutrients that result in low body fat.

A

undernutrition

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8
Q

failure to obtain adequate nutrition

A

malnutrition

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9
Q

imbalance nutritional status resulting from excessive intake of nutrients

A

overnutrition

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9
Q

ingest liquids containing organic molecules in solution (hummingbird)

A

fluid feeders

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10
Q

eat small particles of organic matter, small organisms in suspension of fluids (bacteria and plankton)

A

suspension feeders

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11
Q

ingest small organic particles; organisms that are part of solid matter (dirt or sand) that feeders live in or on

A

deposit feeders

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12
Q

consume large pieces of organisms or entire large organisms (humans)

A

bulk feeders

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13
Q

the splitting process where there is a chemical breakdown by digestive enzymes of a fat or macromolecule links together smaller components releasing a molecule of water. where thinks break bonds through the addition of water

A

enzymatic hydrolysis

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14
Q

breaks down starches and glycogen

A

amylases

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15
Q

break down of lipids

A

lipases

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16
Q

what goes on inside of cell

A

intracellular digestion

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17
Q

what goes on outside of a cell

A

extracellular digestion

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18
Q

a pouch, that functions in digestion as well as in the distribution of nutrients throughout the body

A

gastrovascular cavity

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19
Q

throat region that leads to the esophagus

A

pharynx

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20
Q

inside space of the intestine

A

lumen

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20
Q

muscular tube that connects to the stomach

A

esophagus

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21
Q

ground made into fine particles by sand/rocks

A

gizzard

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22
Q

tublar part of of alimentary canal that extends from stomach to anus

A

intestine

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23
Q

located below the diaphragm, and has two roles in digestion: storage, and processing food into a liquid suspension

A

stomach

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24
Q

pouches that extended from beginning of midgut and function in digestion and absorption of grasshoppers

A

gastric ceca

25
Q

glandular portion of the stomach that makes acid

A

proventriculus

26
Q

nose, epithelial and glandular(sweat and oil) cells and they line the inside of the gut

A

mucosa

27
Q

pouch of the esophagus

A

crop

28
Q

elastic connective tissue that contains neuron networks and blood and lymph vessels

A

submucosa

29
Q

the ringlike valve of muscle acting like a drawstring that regulates the passage of indigested food into the stomach

A

sphincter

30
Q

gland associated with the oral cavity that secretes substances that lubricate food and begins the process of chemical digestion

A

salviary glands

31
Q

digestion of starches in the oral cavity

A

salivary amylase

32
Q

ball-like lump of food

A

bolus

33
Q

waste of the digestive system

A

feces

34
Q

muscular ring that surrounds the opening between the esophagus and the stomach.

A

cardiac sphincter

35
Q

upper part of the respiratory tract which moves things to the trachea

A

larynx

36
Q

a flap that blocks the trachea

A

epiglottis

37
Q

part of the stomach lining that serves as an entrance for gastric glands

A

gastric pits

38
Q

the digestive fluid that is secreted in the stomach

A

gastric juices

39
Q

branched tubules located in the inner lining of the stomach that secrete gastric juice and protective mucus

A

gastric glands

40
Q

the released pepsin from chief cells into the lumen and are inactive form

A

pepsinogen

41
Q

pepsin( secretes pepsinogen)

A

chief cells

42
Q

protein-digesting enzyme which work well in very acidic environments

A

pepsin

43
Q

controls if things leave the stomach

A

pyloric sphincter

43
Q

produce the components of hydrochloric acid (HCL)

A

parietal cells

44
Q

secretes mucus, which lubricates and protects the cells lining the stomach

A

mucous cell

45
Q

mixture of indigested food and gastric juice(slushy mix)

A

chyme

46
Q

multitudinous threadlike projections covering the surface of the mucous membrane lining the small intestine.

A

intestinal villi

47
Q

microscopic finger-like projections that extend from the surface cells in various body organs and increase the surface area for diffusion.

A

microvilli

48
Q

the first section of the small intestine, where chyme from the stomach mixes with digestive juices from the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.

A

duodenum

49
Q

the destruction of red blood cells that are no longer fully functional. also produces bile, and maintains blood glucose levels.

A

liver

50
Q

secretes bicarbonates or enzymes alkaline solution into the small intestine. looks like cauliflower

A

pancreas

51
Q

a secretion of the liver that is stored In the gallbladder

A

bile

52
Q

plays a role in fermenting ingested materials from animals that eat large amounts of plant materials

A

cecum

53
Q

stores bile

A

gallbladder

54
Q

a finer-shaped extension that acts as a reservoir for symbiotic microorganisms.

A

appendix

55
Q

the longest part of the large intestine

A

colon

56
Q

terminal(end) portion of the large intestine

A

rectum

57
Q

muscles located at the end of the rectum surrounding the anus and control the release of stool

A

anal sphincter

58
Q

front teeth that are used for cutting and gnawing

A

incisors

58
Q

pointy teeth that tear or pierce food

A

canines

59
Q

transitional teeth between the canine and molars are used for grinding food

A

premolars

60
Q

flat tooth in the back of the mouth used for grinding

A

molars

BIO 115 Exam #1 (13 decks)

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