exam #3 Key Term Part 4 Flashcards
the act of eating or feeding
ingestion
where food is broken down into molecules small enough for the body to absorb
digestion
consuming something for energy
feeding
plant eaters(primary consumers)
herbivores
animal eaters
carnivores
plant and animal eaters
omnivores
insufficient intake of nutrients that result in low body fat.
undernutrition
failure to obtain adequate nutrition
malnutrition
imbalance nutritional status resulting from excessive intake of nutrients
overnutrition
ingest liquids containing organic molecules in solution (hummingbird)
fluid feeders
eat small particles of organic matter, small organisms in suspension of fluids (bacteria and plankton)
suspension feeders
ingest small organic particles; organisms that are part of solid matter (dirt or sand) that feeders live in or on
deposit feeders
consume large pieces of organisms or entire large organisms (humans)
bulk feeders
the splitting process where there is a chemical breakdown by digestive enzymes of a fat or macromolecule links together smaller components releasing a molecule of water. where thinks break bonds through the addition of water
enzymatic hydrolysis
breaks down starches and glycogen
amylases
break down of lipids
lipases
what goes on inside of cell
intracellular digestion
what goes on outside of a cell
extracellular digestion
a pouch, that functions in digestion as well as in the distribution of nutrients throughout the body
gastrovascular cavity
throat region that leads to the esophagus
pharynx
inside space of the intestine
lumen
muscular tube that connects to the stomach
esophagus
ground made into fine particles by sand/rocks
gizzard
tublar part of of alimentary canal that extends from stomach to anus
intestine
located below the diaphragm, and has two roles in digestion: storage, and processing food into a liquid suspension
stomach
pouches that extended from beginning of midgut and function in digestion and absorption of grasshoppers
gastric ceca
glandular portion of the stomach that makes acid
proventriculus
nose, epithelial and glandular(sweat and oil) cells and they line the inside of the gut
mucosa
pouch of the esophagus
crop
elastic connective tissue that contains neuron networks and blood and lymph vessels
submucosa
the ringlike valve of muscle acting like a drawstring that regulates the passage of indigested food into the stomach
sphincter
gland associated with the oral cavity that secretes substances that lubricate food and begins the process of chemical digestion
salviary glands
digestion of starches in the oral cavity
salivary amylase
ball-like lump of food
bolus
waste of the digestive system
feces
muscular ring that surrounds the opening between the esophagus and the stomach.
cardiac sphincter
upper part of the respiratory tract which moves things to the trachea
larynx
a flap that blocks the trachea
epiglottis
part of the stomach lining that serves as an entrance for gastric glands
gastric pits
the digestive fluid that is secreted in the stomach
gastric juices
branched tubules located in the inner lining of the stomach that secrete gastric juice and protective mucus
gastric glands
the released pepsin from chief cells into the lumen and are inactive form
pepsinogen
pepsin( secretes pepsinogen)
chief cells
protein-digesting enzyme which work well in very acidic environments
pepsin
controls if things leave the stomach
pyloric sphincter
produce the components of hydrochloric acid (HCL)
parietal cells
secretes mucus, which lubricates and protects the cells lining the stomach
mucous cell
mixture of indigested food and gastric juice(slushy mix)
chyme
multitudinous threadlike projections covering the surface of the mucous membrane lining the small intestine.
intestinal villi
microscopic finger-like projections that extend from the surface cells in various body organs and increase the surface area for diffusion.
microvilli
the first section of the small intestine, where chyme from the stomach mixes with digestive juices from the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.
duodenum
the destruction of red blood cells that are no longer fully functional. also produces bile, and maintains blood glucose levels.
liver
secretes bicarbonates or enzymes alkaline solution into the small intestine. looks like cauliflower
pancreas
a secretion of the liver that is stored In the gallbladder
bile
plays a role in fermenting ingested materials from animals that eat large amounts of plant materials
cecum
stores bile
gallbladder
a finer-shaped extension that acts as a reservoir for symbiotic microorganisms.
appendix
the longest part of the large intestine
colon
terminal(end) portion of the large intestine
rectum
muscles located at the end of the rectum surrounding the anus and control the release of stool
anal sphincter
front teeth that are used for cutting and gnawing
incisors
pointy teeth that tear or pierce food
canines
transitional teeth between the canine and molars are used for grinding food
premolars
flat tooth in the back of the mouth used for grinding
molars
