Final exam part 1 Flashcards
flow of medium
ventilation(beathing in and breathing)
flow of blood (or other fluids)
perfusion
what type of ventilation do humans have?
negative pressure or called pulmonary ventilation.
What muscle is involved in human ventilation
diaphragm
external and internal intercostal muscles
where does carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange take place?
alveoli
what are pros and cons of water breathers
respiratory surfaces are wetted by direct exposure to environment and a lot of energy to keep respiratory surfaces ventilated.
what are the pros and cons of water breathers?
have high density and viscosity of water
relatively low oxygen content compared to air
what are the pros and cons of air breathers?
air is high in oxygen content which allows air breathers to maintain higher metabolic levels than water breathers
what are the pros and cons of air breathers?
air has lower density and viscosity than water, allowing air breathers to ventilate respiratory surfaces with relatively little energy.
the exchange of a substance or heat between two fluids flowing in opposite directions, and where water or air moves in a one-way direction.
countercurrent exchange
which organism possesses countercurrent exchange
birds, sharks, bony fish, and some crabs, where
which animal group has the most efficient lungs
birds
where oxygen is uptaken from environemnt and the discharge of this is carbon dioxide into the environment
gas exchange
which animal has the most efficent way of getting oxygen from it’s environment
insects through trachea system
iron-containing protein that transport oxygen in the human body.
hemoglobin
how does hemoglobin bind to oxygen?
most of the oxygen entering the body binds with it inside of erythrocytes, and one hemoglobin can combine four oxygen molecules.
what type of organisms have no circulatory system
sponges, cnidarians, and planaria or flatworms.
how do organisms with no circulatory system work
the cilia and flagella help with circulation
in most invertebrates where the heart pumps hemolymph into vessels (which empty in body spaces before running to the heart)
open circulatory system