Final exam part 2 Flashcards
keep the osmolarity of body fluids different from the environment
osmoregulators
allows osmolarity of their body fluids to match their environment
osmoconformers
a complex of muscles that encircle the urethra and control the flow of urine.
urethral sphincter
what does the proximal convulated tubule of a nephron secrete
positive ion hydrogen into filtrate
what does proximal convuleted tubule of nephron reabsorb
Sodium, chloride, potassium, water, bicarbonate, and nutrients(glucose)
what does the descending loop of henle reabsorb
water through osmosis
what does the ascending loop of henle reabsorb
soidum and chloride ions
what does the distal convulated tubule do
is balances hydrogen and salt concentrations between urine and interstitial fluid surrounding the nephron
what the does the collecting ducts secrete
additional hydrogen to urine
what does the proximal end of a nephron filtrate
water, small molecules, and ions
what is reabsorbed in the collecting ducts
water and some urea is reabsorbed at the bottom of the ducts.
chemical stimuli
chemoreceptor
transduce light
photoreceptor
temperature change
thermoreceptors
respond to cell deformation
mechanoreceptors
respond to intense stimuli by signaling pain
nociceptors
signal positional info
proprioceptors
to change or convert environmental information in Action Potentials
transduce
easiest thing to interpret
modality
outermost layer and is transparent and admits light
cornea
behind the cornea and controls diameter of pupil also is the color of people eyes
iris
focuses image on retina
lens
lines back of the eye and photoreceptors are filled inside and is the innermost layer of eye
retina
is a type of photoreceptor that detects light intensity and is active during night
rods
type of photoreceptor that detects different wavelengths (color) and is active during the day
cones
constant rate as long as stimulus is applied
tonic receptor
burst of activity where something quickly reduces firing rate to a stand stimulation(adaption)
phasic receptor
what’s a type of tonic receptor
pain
what’s a type of phasic receptor
smell and touch
what are the two parts of your nervous system
CNS and PNS
Example of PNS
spinal nerves nerves and ganglia
Example of CNS
Large brain and spinal cord
what does CNS stand for
central nervous system
whats does PNS stand for
peripheral nervous system
what are the two types of neurons?
afferent and efferent
what is the afferent neurons function?
serves as a sensory nerve(touch)
what is the efferent neuron function
Serves as a motor nerve (motors)
what is the somatic system?
the nervous system responsible for the voluntary control of muscles.
what is the autonomic system
it controls involuntary functions
what are the two subsections of autonomic system
sympathetic and parasympathetic system
forebrain transform to
cerebrum
hindbrain transform to
medulla
controls that autonomic, homestasis functions like breathing
medulla
relays information from cerebrum to cerebellum, and regulates breathing centers in the medulla
pons
integrates sensory inputs to coordinate body movements
cerebellum
is a control center that regulates temperature and the biological clock
hypothalamus
integrating center for memory, learning, emotions, and other highly complex fuctions
cerebrum
stalk that joins with the spinal cord as the base of the brain
brainstem
the receiver of sensory information
thalamus
motor speech area
frontal lobe
controls taste
insula lobe
interprets and distinguishes sound and smell
temporal lobe
interpret visual features
occipital lobe
receives sensory input from skin, muscles, and joints
parietal lobe
