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History- Witchcraft > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Maleficium

A

“Evil deed”

By 1580 this was understood as an act of witchcraft designed to harm

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2
Q

Define Sacrament

A

A ceremony carried out to attain spiritual grace e.g. Holy Communion

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3
Q

Define Devil’s mark

A

Mark on the body of someone who has entered a covenant with the Devil

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4
Q

Define Cunning folk

A

Generally carried out good deeds - folk healers etc

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5
Q

Define Assize circuit

A

Courts that travelled in 6 circuits around the country, hearing serious cases

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6
Q

Define Privy council

A

Private council of the monarch

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7
Q

Define Vagrant

A

Beggar or someone who would wander looking for work

By C.17th it was someone who could work but chose not to - could be punished by whipping etc

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8
Q

Define Royal Society

A

Founded in 1660 in order to promote the advancement of science & rational thought

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9
Q

Define Dissenter

A

A member of the non-established church outside of the Church of England

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10
Q

Define Melancholia

A

Depression/sorrowfulness

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11
Q

Define Idolater

A

Someone who worships false idols

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12
Q

Define Nonconformist

A

A Protestant who does not conform to the established practices of the Church of England

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13
Q

Define Calvinist

A

Follower of John Calvin - Protestant reformation

Very strict

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14
Q

Define Heretic

A

Someone who disagrees with the teaching of the church

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15
Q

Define Homocentric

A

Belief that all rotations in the universe are centred on earth

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16
Q

Define Natural philosophy

A

The study of the natural world

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17
Q

Define Empiricism

A

Belief that knowledge can only come from experience- seek out evidence to formulate theories

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18
Q

Define Polymath

A

A person of wide knowledge & learning who specialises in a no. different subjects

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19
Q

Define Convention parliament

A

Parliament assembled without the authority of the monarch

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20
Q

Define Alchemist

A

Someone who tries to transform common substances & liquids into gold or potions to cure disease

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21
Q

Define Inductive reasoning

A

Reasoning based on evidence

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22
Q

Define Deductive reasoning

A

When a conclusion is made based on something already known/assumed

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23
Q

Define Kirk

A

Scottish church

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24
Q

Define Lutheran

A

Follower of Protestant reformer Martin Luther

Oldest Protestant denomination

25
Q

Define Borgmaster

A

Principal magistrate of a Danish town

26
Q

Define Coven

A

An assembly/group of witches - often believed to consist of 13 people

27
Q

Define Boots

A

Screws for the legs which would gradually be tightened, crushing bones

28
Q

Define the Kiss of shame

A

An initiation among witches where they are expected to kiss the Devil’s buttocks

29
Q

Define the Divine right of King’s

A

The notion that King’s are appointed by god

30
Q

Define the Royal favourite

A

A close advisor given significant power & influence by a monarch

31
Q

Define Copyholder

A

Someone who worked on the land of a lord

32
Q

Define Subtenant

A

Someone who rented land from a copyholder - very poor

33
Q

Define Enclosure

A

The process of fencing off common land

34
Q

Define the Duchy of Lancaster

A

Territory controlled by the Duchy of Lancaster

35
Q

Define Recusant

A

A person who remains loyal to the Catholic faith

36
Q

Define the Dependant chapelry

A

A district served by a chapel, rather than the large parish church

37
Q

Define the Lancashire court sessions

A

A local court that met four times a year in order to try serious cases

38
Q

Define a Pedlar

A

Travelling salesman

39
Q

Define a Witches sabbat

A

Secret meeting of witches

40
Q

Define the Baron of the Exchequer

A

One of the most senior judges in England

41
Q

Define the Holy Roman Empire

A

Complex Central European territories that existed from 962 to 1806 under overall authority of an emperor

42
Q

Define the Counter-Reformation

A

A reform movement within the Catholic Church to oppose the Protestant Reformation

43
Q

Define Jesuit

A

Member of the Catholic religious order the society of Jesus

44
Q

Who were the Hasbergs

A

German royal family

Split into Austrian & Spanish lines in 1551

45
Q

Define Reserve currency

A

Strong currency held in reserve by central banks or treasuries as part of foreign exchange reserves

46
Q

Define Holfrat

A

High-ranking advisor to the Holy Roman Emperor

Similar to Privy Council in England

47
Q

Define the Imperial Chamber Court

A

Highest judicial court in the Holy Roman Empire

48
Q

Define the Diet of Rebgensburg

A

A meeting of the senior leaders of the Holy Roman Empire, held between July & November 1630

49
Q

Define the New Model Army

A

Parliamentary army - disciplined and well trained

50
Q

Define the Eastern Association

A

A military organisation comprising of the seven country militias of Eastern England formed during the English Civil war

51
Q

Define Ergot

A

A fungal disease that partially affects rye

52
Q

Define Seed-corn

A

Good quality corn set aside for planting the following year

53
Q

Define Poor rates

A

A local tax levied at parish level in order to finance the support of the poor

54
Q

Define the High church

A

A tradition within the Church of England that emphasised ritual, authority of bishops, sacraments & much continuity with the Catholic Church

55
Q

Define the Star chamber

A

Court of law based at the Palace of Westminster

56
Q

Define the Popish Plot

A

A conspiracy to replace the Protestant authorities with Catholics

57
Q

Define Theocracy

A

A system of government in which God is held to be supreme ruler & clergy are involved in the day-to-day running of the state

58
Q

Define Voodoo

A

A religion of West African origin practiced in the Caribbean- multiple gods, ancestor worship & magic

History- Witchcraft (30 decks)

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