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History- Witchcraft > Impact of Sceptical Publications (T1) > Flashcards

Impact of Sceptical Publications (T1) Flashcards

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1
Q

When was Reginald Scot’s ‘The Discoverie of Witchcraft’?

A

1584

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2
Q

Who wrote ‘The Discoverie of Witchcraft’?

A

Reginald Scot

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3
Q

What was Reginald Scots opinion on witchcraft?

A

English rationalist criticism of witchcraft

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4
Q

What was ‘The Discoverie of Witchcraft’ inspired by?

A

Johann Weyer’s (Dutch) book ‘On the illusion of Demons’

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5
Q

What did Johann Weyer’s book argue?

A

Majority of witches suffered from melancholia (severe depression) and those guilty could not cause harm as they were tools of the devil

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6
Q

What did Reginald Scot argue?

A

There was no biblical basis for witch-hunts

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7
Q

What was King James opinion on Reginald Scots book?

A

Ordered all copies to be burnt

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8
Q

What was the impact of Reginald Scots book?

A

Had limited impact

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9
Q

What was Reginald Scot the first person to do?

A

First author to show scepticism, planted the seed

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10
Q

How influential was ‘The Discoverie of Witchcraft’?

A

His arguments were powerful however not being heard and took until 1651, after many publications to be popular

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11
Q

Who did Reginald Scot inspire?

A

Later sceptics like Ady and Bekker

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12
Q

When was Samuel Harsnett ‘A discovery of the Fraudulent Practises of John Darrel?

A

1599

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13
Q

Who wrote ‘A discovery of the Fraudulent Practises of John Darrel?

A

Samuel Harsnett

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14
Q

What was The Pamphlet War?

A
  • Harsnett talked about John Darrell’s fraudulent case
  • Darrel responded with a book about Harsnett
  • John Deacon and John Walker challenged Darrell
  • Darrell responded with book about John Darrell and John Deacon
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15
Q

What book did Darrell write in response to Harsnett?

A

‘A detection of the sinful, shaming, lying and ridiculous discourse of Samuel Harsnett’

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16
Q

Who were John Deacon and John Walker?

A
  • Two ministers with puritan sympathies who questioned whether exorcism was even possible
  • Challenged John Darrell
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17
Q

What book did John Deacon and John Walker write?

A

‘Dialogical discourses of spirits and devils’ (1601)

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18
Q

What happened to John Darrell after being accused?

A

Many still supported him, Joseph Hall (Bishop of Exeter) wrote that Darrell did perform exorcisms

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19
Q

What effect did factional fighting in within Christianity have on the Darrell Harsnett conflict?

A
  • Harsnett was a church of England conformist and shows anti-Catholic views, exorcism is an act
  • Darrell is a Puritan, circles prayers and fasting were accepted forms of exorcism
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20
Q

What impact did Samuel Harsnett book have for reducing witchcraft?

A
  • Led to discussion and debate (via pamphlet war)

- Idea that possessions can be faked

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21
Q

What idea was the pamphlet war focused on?

A

Centred on exorcism, didn’t seem to challenge witchcraft

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22
Q

Who wrote ‘A candle in the dark’?

A

Thomas Ady in 1656

23
Q

Why did Ady write ‘A candle in the dark’?

A

Was appalled at number of wrongful executions, said no biblical basis

24
Q

What did Ady attack in his book?

A

Daemonologie

25
Q

What did Ady do by talking about the bible?

A

Undermined the legitimacy of the hunts as bible was used to justify the hunts

26
Q

What were the limitations of Adys book?

A
  • Didn’t put forward any new radical views from Scots work
  • ## Failed to outright question existence of witches
27
Q

What was Adys opinion on witches?

A

Ady thought they did not possess supernatural power

28
Q

Why was Adys opinion significant?

A
  • Suggest women accused of maleficium under 1604 were innocent thereby undermining the law
  • Reflected materialism
29
Q

What was maleficium?

A

Use of harmful magic

30
Q

What influence did Ady have on judges?

A

His criticisms of tactics of witch hunters influenced judges who adopted higher standards for evidence

31
Q

Who wrote ‘The Displaying of Supposed Witchcraft’?

A

John Webster 1677

32
Q

Who did Webster agree with?

A

Adys work

33
Q

What was Webster’s ‘The Displaying of Supposed Witchcraft’ a rebuff of’?

A

Written as a rebuff to Joseph Glanvill and Meric Casaubon

34
Q

What were Webster’s beliefs about witches?

A

Witches did exist but didn’t have supernatural powers

35
Q

What case was Webster critical about?

A

Demon Drummer case, saying Mompesson was responsible for strange occurances?

36
Q

What happened when Webster tried to speak to Robinson (Pendle Swindle case)?

A

Ushered away by Robinson’s father and uncle

37
Q

What 3 cases did Webster comment on?

A

Demon Drummer case
Pendle Swinder case
Roland Jenks case

38
Q

What was Webster’s thoughts on the Roland Jenks case?

A

Jenks was a bookseller imprisoned for selling Catholic literature
When on trail said to have uttered a curse and within days hundreds of people died
Webster suggested Jenks poisoned people saying deaths could be natural causes

39
Q

What was limited about Webster’s work?

A

Not radical and did not challenge a belief in witches, published at a time there was already a decline in witches

40
Q

What positive impact did Webster’s book have ?

A
  • Arguing witches did exist but had no supernatural powers dismissed maleficium
41
Q

What influence did Webster have on people?

A
  • Response his work garnered showed he influenced others

- Supported Royal society, influenced most intelligent

42
Q

Why did Webster need the Royal Society?

A

He was a nonconformist so needed them to publish his ideas

43
Q

Who wrote ‘The Enchanted World’?

A

Balthasar Bekker 1691

44
Q

Who was Balthasar Bekker inspired by?

A

Reginald Scot

45
Q

What did Balthasar Bekkers use as his primary source?

A

Used the bible like Ady

46
Q

What was Balthasar Bekkers opinion on witchcraft cases?

A

Normally result of natural cause, no magic involved

47
Q

What was Balthasar Bekkers thought on the Devil?

A

Devil trapped in hell, cannot influence earth

48
Q

What were limited impacts of Balthasar Bekkers ‘The Enchanted World’

A
  • Witchcraft was already on the decline

- Argued that advancements at this point were due to science

49
Q

What did Trevor Roper say about Balthasar Bekkers impact?

A

His influence was ‘largely a myth’ as was in Dutch language so didn’t have as much affect in Britain

50
Q

What did Gottlieb Soldan state about Balthasar Bekkers?

A

that he struck the heart of the witch-craze by destroying belief in the Devil

51
Q

What did Balthasar Bekkers challenge about the Devil?

A

Challenged the idea that the Devil can form pacts or give them supernatural power

52
Q

How many copies of ‘The Enchanted World were sold’?

A

4000 in first 2 months in Holland

53
Q

What happened to Bekkers job?

A

Lost his job as a Calvinist, put on trial which suggest he was a threat to the church

54
Q

What did Bekker receive?

A

Many pamphlets criticising him for causing a decline in witchcraft, suggesting his work cut through society

History- Witchcraft (30 decks)

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