CASE STUDY OVERVIEW FLASHCARDS
NORTH BERWICK: What years were the North Berwick witch hunts?
1590-1591, 1597
NORTH BERWICK: What was the Scottish government system like? How was it compared to England’s?
They had a less complex system of government that England (allowed with-hunts without interference).
NORTH BERWICK: What were the laws around torture in Scotland around this time? WHat was the stability of the Monarchy?
Torture was allowed according to law with the consent of the Privy Council (weak monarchy it was often allowed).
NORTH BERWICK: Who was the King of Scotland at the time? How involved was he with the witch-trials?
James VI, King of Scotland is actively involved in the witch trials, he personally interrogated witches.
NORTH BERWICK: How many people were implicated between 1590-1593?
70 people, including the first cousin of James (cemented the link between treason and witchcraft).
NORTH BERWICK: Give an example of two people who were of the first to be accused, and executed?
Gilly Duncan and Agnes Sampson.
NORTH BERWICK: What was James VI publishing called?
Daemonologie
NORTH BERWICK: Who was Daemonologie written in response to?
Written in response to Reginald Scot’s sceptical work to clarify stance on witchcraft.
NORTH BERWICK: What was mentioned inside the Daemonologie?
How to carry out a witch hunt (search for the devil’s mark, swimming test, vulnerability of women).
NORTH BERWICK: After the Daemonologie, how was James VI viewed?
James became a respected expert on witchcraft.
NORTH BERWICK: What was the religious status of Scotland?
Protestant Reformation but on stricter Calvinist lines.
PENDLE WITCHES LANCASHIRE: What years was this trial? What encouraged the witch trials to come to England?
1604-1613. The trials came to England with the accession of James VI, Pendle Trials served just 7 years after the gunpowder plot.
PENDLE TRIALS LANCASHIRE: What was the economy like in Pendle?
Pendle had a mainly agricultural economy but the population of the area was growing significantly.
PENDLE TRIALS LANCASHIRE: What was it like to suspect someone of witchcraft? Was evidence needed?
Interrogations and trials were of questionable legitimacy, evidence of a pact with the Devil was sought in all cases. The courts required tangible proof of the maleficarum such as death or injury - however the 1604 legislation meant tangible evidence was no longer needed.
PENDLE TRIALS LANCASHIRE: What was the religious context like in Lancashire? How did London react to them?
London saw Lancashire as an ignorant corner where Catholicism and superstition could easily be fostered (Lancashire had a reputation for Harbouring Recusant Catholics). With the absence of the Catholic Abbey, a group of Puritan clergy had more influence.
PENDLE TRIALS LANCASHIRE: What type of economy was Pendle?
Pendle was a pastoral economy (sheep and cattle) and there was little arable farming (crops).
There was also a thriving cloth industry - 70% of the homes had tools for this - they needed it as agriculture could be unpredictable.