Key Concepts and Theories

Question 1

Tuckman’s Ladder

Answer 1

Recognition and Rewards Theory (Theory of Motivation) that defines the five levels of team performance:

1) Forming
2) Storming
3) Norming
4) Performing
5) Adjourning

Question 2

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 2

Recognition and Rewards Theory (Theory of Motivation) that states people cannot reach their full potential if their more basic needs are not met

Question 3

Expectancy Theory

Answer 3

Recognition and Rewards Theory (Theory of Motivation) that states team members make choices based on expected outcomes.

In PM- team members will only work hard toward a goal that they believe is achievable

Question 4

McGregor’s Theory X

Answer 4

Recognition and Rewards Theory (Theory of Motivation). Team members are only interested in selfish goals. They are unmotivated, dislike work, and must be forced to do productive work.

Managers believe constant supervision is necessary to achieve a result.

Theory can only be practiced by a manager and not by an organization.

Question 5

McGregor’s Theory Y

Answer 5

Recognition and Rewards Theory (Theory of Motivation). Team members are naturally motivated to do good work. Little external motivation is needed and team can be trusted toward project/organizational goals.

Theory can only be practiced by a manager and not by an organization.

Question 6

Contingency Theory

Answer 6

Recognition and Rewards Theory (Theory of Motivation). Leader effectiveness is contingent upon 2 factors:

1) Is leader task or relationship oriented?
2) What are the situational factors in the workplace (ex. how stressful is the environment)

Question 7

Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory

Answer 7

Recognition and Rewards Theory (Theory of Motivation). The presence of certain factors may not make an employee satisfied, but their absence will make them unsatisfied.

Certain motivations are impossible without hygiene factors such as a paycheck, good relationship with boss, company policies, personal life, etc.

Question 8

McClelland’s 3 Need Theory

Answer 8

Recognition and Rewards Theory (Theory of Motivation). Employees are motivated by one of three primary needs:

1) Achievement
2) Power
3) Affiliation

Question 9

Forms of Power

Answer 9

Recognition and Rewards Theory (Theory of Motivation). This is the understanding that people wield different types of power in different situations. Understanding yours, can help you maximize your ability to influence and manage your team.

1) Reward Power (best)
2) Expert Power (best)
3) Legitimate Power
4) Referent Power
5) Punishment (worst)

Question 10

Interpersonal/Team Skills (Conflict Resolution)

Answer 10

Manage Team Tool/Technique:

1) Problem Solving: Confront problem (best)
2) Collaboration: Work with team to find solution
3) Forcing: Utilize power (worst)
4) Smoothing: Shift focus to positive aspect
5) Withdrawal: Do nothing (one of the worst)

Question 11

Emotional Intelligence (EQ/EI)

Answer 11

Manage Team Tool/Technique:
Combination of self and social awareness:
1) Self awareness: knowing your own strengths and weaknesses
2) Social awareness: knowing how you’re perceived and able to tailor behavior as needed.

Question 12

Leadership

Answer 12

Manage Team Tool/Technique:
Establishing direction, aligning people to that direction, motivating team, and inspiring team.

As project progresses, leadership changes:
Direct
Coach
Facilitate
Support