Key Characteristics of ICWS Flashcards
Simple Penicillins
Beta-Lactam Penicillin Gram+ Cocci Pen G oral or parenteral, Pen V oral Benzathine Depo Acid-labile Hypersensitivity Rxn Beta-lactamase sensitive
Anti-Staphylococcal
Beta-Lactam Penicillin
Beta-lactamase, S. aureus
Oral; nafcillin and oxacillin parenteral
ox-, clox- and diclox
Acid-Stable
Methicillin is not used b/c it is nephrotoxic
Beta-lactamase resistant so narrow spectrum
Extended spectrum
Beta-Lactam Penicillin
Gram (+) and (-)
Beta-lactamase sensitive; Broad spectrum
Anti-Pseudomonal
Beta-Lactam Penicillin
Pseudomonas, Proteus
Parenteral only, usually with Beta-lactamase inhibitor
Beta-lactamase sensitive; Combine with aminoglycoside or fluoroquinolone
1st Gen Cephalosporin
Beta-Lactam
Chemoprophylaxis, alternative to Anti-staph penicillin
Only cephalexin oral
Hypersensitivity; some GI, renal, platelet inhibition and disulfiram effect -Cefotetan, Cetoperazone
Beta-lactamase sensitive
2nd Gen Cephalosporin
Beta-Lactam
More gram (-) than 1st, some less gram (+)
Cefactor, Cefuroxime oral
Hypersnsitivity: some GI, renal; platelet inhibition and disulfram effect -cefotetan, cefoperazone
Superinfections; Beta-lactamase resistant
3rd Gen Cephalosporin
Beta-Lactam
More Gram (-) than 2nd
Cefpodoxime oral; better for CNS
Beta-lactamase resistant
4th Gen Cephalosporin
Beta-Lactam
More Gram (-)
Better distribution (CNS)
Beta-lactamase resistant
Monobactams
Beta-Lactam Gram (-) Parenteral No cross-reactivity with beta-lactams Beta-lactamase resistant
Carbapenams
Beta-Lactam Broad spectrum Parenteral; imipenam inactivated in kidney May cross-react with beta-lactams Beta-lactamase resistant
Vancomycin (Non-Beta-Lactam)
MRSA
IV oral for GI tract
Red man, some renal and ototoxicity
Enhances nephrotox of aminoglycosides
Fosfomycin
Gram (-) UTI
Active uptake by bacteria (especially gram (-))
Well tolerated
Synergy with Beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones
