Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ID Review > HIV Drugs > Flashcards

HIV Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 categories of HIV drugs?

A

Protease inhibitors
NRTIs
NNRTIs
Other drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Protinavir, Ritonavir, Indinavir

A

Protease Inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Protease inhibitors work by

A

inhibiting HIV protease blocks polypeptide cleavage into reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase and structural proteins
Virus particles will bud off cell but be noninfectious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does HIV protease do?

A

Product of pol gene

Cleaves polypeptides into smaller, functional units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

gag forms

A

p24 (capsid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pol forms

A

reverse transcriptase, integrase, protease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

env forms

A

GP160: gp120+gp41 (envelope)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Protease Inhibitor S/E

A

N/D
Hyperlipidemia, Hyperglycemis (Insulin Resistance)
-Higher rate of CVD among HIV pts
-Fat redistribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Indinavir

A

Protease Inhibitor

S/E: Kidney stones (hydration important)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ritonavir

A

Inhibits cytochrome p450 system
Added as a booster to other protease inhibitors to avoid S/E
Example: Ritonavir & Lopinavir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does reverse transcriptase synthesize a strand of DNA from RNA

A

It picks up triphosphorylated nucleotides (CGAT) to synthesize DNA from RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do NRTIs inhibit reverse transcriptase?

A

They mimic one of the nucleosides (CGAT) but lack -OH group on 3’ carbon. This inhibits reverse transcriptase and terminates DNA chain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Zidovudine (AZT), Lamivudine, Tenofovir, Didanosine

A

NRTIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which was the first HIV drug on the market?

A

Zidovudine (AZT) NRTIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What nucleotide does Zidovudine (AZT) mimic?

A

Thymidine

  • Same base and ribose sugar
  • Zidovudine is missing -OH group on 3’ carbon of ribose sugar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What must NRTIs undergo to be incorporated into a DNA strand?

A

triphosphorylation by kinases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which NRTI mimics a nucleotide instead of a nucleoside?

A

Tenofovir (has phosphate group)

-undergoes diphosphorylation instead of triphosphorylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Nucleoside NRTIs

A

Zidovudine (AZT) and Lamivudine

-No phosphate group attached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

NRTIs: important S/E

A

Mitochondrial Toxicity

  • All mitochondria have their own DNA
  • DNA polymerase gamma synthesizes mitochondrial DNA
  • NRTIs can inhibit these
20
Q

Mitochondrial Toxicity Sx

A

Peripheral neuropathy (pain, paresthesias)
Myopathy
Pancreatitis
Lactic Acidosis

21
Q

Mitochondria is responsible for

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

22
Q

How does lactic acidosis occur?

A

Oxidative phosphorylation inhibited so anaerobic metabolism

Severe, life-threatening cases of lactic acidosis w/ NRTIs

23
Q

Zidovudine (AZT) S/E

A

Bone marrow suppression
Zidovudine (AZT) can be inserted into DNA strands in bone marrow
Administer G-CSF or Epo

24
Q

Which NRTI is administered to pregnant women

A

Zidovudine (AZT)

25
Lamivudine is also called
3TC
26
Abacavir S/E
NRTI - 5% pts get hypersensitivity rxn (fever, rash, resp. distress, GI upset) - mistaken for opportunistic infection
27
Abacavir mimics which nucleoside?
guanosine
28
Which NRTI is the least toxic and can also be used for Hep B?
Lamivudine (3TC) | -Hep B also uses reverse transcriptase
29
Lamivudine (3TC) mimics which nucleoside?
Cytidine
30
Tenofovir S/E that causes limitation
Severe GI upset
31
Tenofovir mimics which nucleoside?
Adenosine
32
What special S/E does Tenofovir have?
Polyuria and muscle weakness indicate Fanconi Syndrome - Loss of proximal tubule function - proteinuria, urinary phosphate wasting, glucosuria - metabolic acidosis, hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia
33
Nevirapine, Efavirenz, Delavirdine
NNRTIs
34
How do NNRTIs work?
Bind to reverse transcriptase and modifies the protein so it can no longer function
35
Do NNRTIs require phosphorylation?
No
36
Can NNRTIs cause bone marrow suppression?
No. Only inhibits reverse transcriptase. Do not alter other DNA synthesis enzymes.
37
Why are NNRTIs not effective for HIV-2?
It has a different reverse transcriptase which cannot be inhibited by the drugs
38
NNRTIs S/E
``` GI upset Skin rash (rare progression to SJS) ```
39
NNRTIs are metabolized by what?
P450 system of the liver
40
Why do NNRTI levels in the blood go up/down with co-administration with other drugs?
NNRTIs are metabolized by P450 system
41
Nevirapine
NNRTI | Induces P450 system
42
Delaviridine
NNRTI | Inhibits P450 system
43
Efavirenz
NNRTI | mixed effects on P450 system
44
Raltegravir
Integrase Inhibitor
45
Enfuvirtide
Binds to gp41 | Inhibits fusion/entry into cells
46
Maraviroc
Blocks CCR5 receptor on macrophages

ID Review (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions