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B&B RNA Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

All (-) RNA viruses have

A

helical capsid

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2
Q

Which (+) RNA virus does not have an icosahedral capsid?

A

Corona (helical)

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3
Q

All helical RNA viruses are

A

enveloped

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4
Q

RNA viruses that are icosahedral can be

A

enveloped or naked

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5
Q

Which RNA virus is not ss?

A

Reovirus (ds)

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6
Q

Which RNA viruses do not replicate in cytoplasm?

A

Influenza and Retroviruses

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7
Q

Which RNA viruses are not linear?

A

BAD: Bunya, Arena and Delta (HDV)

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8
Q

Which RNA viruses have a segmented genome?

A

BOAR: Bunya, Orthomyxo, Arena, Reo

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9
Q

Caliciviruses

A

Non-enveloped, (+) ssRNA, linear, icosahedral

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10
Q

Norovirus (Norwalk Virus)

A

Viral gastroenteritis
2-3 days
Not inflammatory: no blood, mucus or fecal leukocytes

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11
Q

Hepeviruses

A

Non-enveloped, (+) ssRNA, linear, icosahedral

Hep E

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12
Q

Reoviruses

A

REO: Respiratory Enteric Orphan viruses
Non-enveloped, dsRNA, icosahedral
11 segments, linear
Contain RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

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13
Q

Coltivirus

A

Reovirus
Colorado Tick Fever
Fever, chills, myalgias, HA
Self-limited

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14
Q

Rotavirus

A

Reovirus
Gastroenteritis in kids
No blood, mucus, few/no fecal leukocytes
Live, attenuated vaccine given prior 6mo

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15
Q

Picornaviruses

A 
PERCH:
Poliovirus
Echovirus
Rhinovirus
Coxsackie Virus
Hep A
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16
Q

Picornaviruses

A

Non-enveloped, (+) ssRNA, linear, icosahedral

Synthesize large polyprotein that is cleaved to viral proteins

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17
Q

Which Picornavirus is not an enterovirus (fecal-oral transmission)?

A

Rhinovirus (Common Cold)

  • Cannot survive in stomach (acid-labile)
  • Transmitted directly via respiratory droplets
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18
Q

Inactivated Polio Vaccine

A

Salk

Injected so generates systemic antibody response (mostly IgG)

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19
Q

Live Polio Vaccine

A

Sabin

Local IgA antibody response

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20
Q

Echovirus

A

Picornavirus

Aseptic (viral) meningitis

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21
Q

90% of viral meningitis is caused by

A

Coxackie and Echoviruses

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22
Q

Hep A

A

Picornavirus

Non-enveloped

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23
Q

Which Coxsackie causes aseptic meningitis?

A

Both A & B

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24
Q

Hand, foot and mouth syndrome

A

Coxsackie A
Kids
Sore throat, oral vesicles
Rash: small lesions on hands, feet, buttocks

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25
Herpangina
``` Coxsackie A Kids High fever, seizures Mouth blisters No rash Summer ```
26
Myocarditis, Pericarditis
Coxsackie B
27
Naked RNA Viruses
Calici (Norwalk) Hepe (HEV) Reo (Rota, Colti) Picorna (PERCH)
28
Coronavirus
Enveloped, linear | only (+)ssRNA with helical capsid
29
Corona virus is a cause of
common cold | most common is rhinovirus
30
Which virus causes SARS?
``` Corona virus SARS: Up to one week prodome Fever, malaise, HA, Myalgias Cough, dyspnea Sometimes progressing to respiratory failure ```
31
Retroviruses
Enveloped, ssRNA, linear Reverse Transcriptase DNA replicates in nucleus
32
How is Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) similar to HIV?
2 identical strands of (+) RNA Enters CD4 T cells Reverse transcribed to DNA DNA product integrated into host cell genome
33
How is HTLV different from HIV?
T-cells proliferate and transform (rather than dying) | T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (Non-Hodgkins lymphoma)
34
Flaviviruses
Enveloped, (+) ssRNA, linear, icosahedral
35
Which Flavivirus is not a mosquito-borne illness?
Hep C
36
What four mosquito illnesses are caused by Flavivirus?
Yellow Fever Dengue Fever St. Louis Encephalitis West Nile Virus
37
Viruses that are transmitted by a mosquito or tick bite are called
Arboviruses
38
Yellow Fever
``` Virus can live in monkeys Arbovirus Infects liver (jaundice) High fever, HA, jaundice, high bilirubin AST>ALT Hemorrhage (black vomit) No specific tx Vaccine available ```
39
Yellow Fever Histo
Councilman Bodies in liver
40
Dengue Fever
``` Arbovirus "Break Bone Fever" Fever, HA, Retro-orbital pain SEVERE muscle/joint pain Maculopapular rash No specific therapy ```
41
How are St. Louis and West Nile viruses similar?
``` Arboviruses Birds Encephalitis: fever, AMS Sometimes meningitis sx Most people asymptomatic ```
42
Togaviruses
Enveloped (wear a toga), (+) ssRNA, linear, icosahedral
43
Which family is Rubella in?
Togavirus
44
Which family are Western and Eastern Equine Encephalitis in?
Togavirus
45
Rubella
``` German measles, 3-day measles Exanthem/Rash in kids Inhalation of respiratory droplets Mild fever, lymphadenopathy Maculopapular rash 1-5 days after fever Life-long immunity No specific Tx ```
46
Lymphadenopathy in Rubella occurs
Posterior cervical and posterior auricular areas
47
Rubella Vaccine
MMR (live-attenuated)
48
Congenital Rubella Syndrome
TORCH Mom gets fever, rash, lymphadenopathy Fetus gets deafness, cataracts, cardiac disease
49
PDA, Pulmonary Artery Stenosis, Blueberry Muffin Baby
Congenital Rubella Syndrome
50
How are congenital CMV and Rubella similar
Deafness, Blueberry Muffin Baby
51
How are congenital CMV and Rubella different
CMV: Seizures, Hepatosplenomegaly Rubella: Cataracts, congeintal heart malformations
52
Equine Encephalitis
Resides in birds and transmitted by mosquitos | Most infections asymptomatic but can cause encephalitis
53
Which encephalitis due to Arbovirus is the worst?
Eastern Equine Syndrome
54
(+) Enveloped RNA Viruses
Corona Retro Flavi Toga
55
All (-) RNA viruses are
helical and enveloped
56
Bunyavirus
(-) ssRNA virus helical, enveloped Segmented (BOAR) Circular genome (BAD)
57
Which family is California encephalitis virus in?
Bunya virus Arbovirus Resevoir is rodents instead of birds
58
Rift Valley, Crimean-Congo, and Hantavirus infections are part of which family and can cause what?
Bunyaviruses | Hemorrhagic fever
59
All RNA-viruses that can cause encephalitis are
Arboviruses (mosquito-borne)
60
What RNA-viruses can cause encephalitis?
``` Flaviviruses (birds) -St. Louis, West Nile Togaviruses (birds) -Eastern and Western Equine Bunyaviruses (rodents) -California ```
61
Hemorrhagic fever is a viral infection always caused by
enveloped RNA viruses
62
Hantavirus often progresses to
renal or respiratory failure
63
Filoviruses
Ebola and Marburg Enveloped, (-)ssRNA, linear, helical Spread by body fluid contact Hemorrhagic fever
64
Arenaviruses
``` Enveloped, (-)ssRNA, helical Segmented (BOAR) Circular Genome (BAD) Lassa Fever Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) ```
65
Lassa Fever
Arenaviruses Hemorrhagic fever Spread by urine from rats Close contact with infected people
66
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV)
Arenavirus Rare cause of viral meningitis Rats and mice
67
Bunyavirus
Rift Valley (mosquito) Crimean-Congo (tick) Hanta (rodents)
68
Filoviruses
Ebola/Marburg
69
Arenavirus that can cause hemorrhagic fever
Lassa Fever (rats)
70
Flaviviruses that can cause hemorrhagic fever
Yellow Fever, Dengue
71
Rhabdoviruses
Enveloped, (-)ssRNA, linear, helical | Rabies
72
Rabies incubation period
1-3 months
73
Rhabdoviruses like to bind to
Ach receptors on peripheral nerves before migrating to CNS
74
Rabies vaccine
Inactivated Vaccine | Administer with rabies immunoglobin
75
Orthomyxoviruses
``` Enveloped, (-)ssRNA, linear, helical Segmented genome (BOAR) ```
76
Influenza A
Most common Pandemics 2 Key envelope proteins -Hemagluttinin: binds to cells and assists virus entry -Neuraminidase: removes sialic acid from glycoproteins so viral progeny can exit Replicates in nucleus
77
Antigenic Drift
Minor changes in hemagluttinin and neuraminidase Due to random mutations in glycoproteins Epidemics
78
Antigenic Shift
``` Major structural change in hemagluttinin or neuraminidase proteins Segmented Virus: Recombination Animal/Human infect same cell Pandemics BOAR: Bunya, Orthomyxo, Arena, Reo ```
79
Paramyxovirus
Enveloped, (-)ssRNA, helical Kids All contain F (fusion) proteins
80
F (fusion) protein
Helps Paramyxovirus fuse with respiratory epithelial cells
81
RSV Tx
Palivizumab monoclonal antibody against F protein (Paramyxovirus)
82
Paramyxovirus
Parainfluenza, RSV, Measles, Mumps
83
Parainfluenza causes
Croup in kids Treat respiratory distress with steroids O/w self-limiting
84
RSV Tx
Infants Ribavirin Palivizumab

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