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ID Review > B&B RNA Viruses > Flashcards

B&B RNA Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

All (-) RNA viruses have

A

helical capsid

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2
Q

Which (+) RNA virus does not have an icosahedral capsid?

A

Corona (helical)

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3
Q

All helical RNA viruses are

A

enveloped

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4
Q

RNA viruses that are icosahedral can be

A

enveloped or naked

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5
Q

Which RNA virus is not ss?

A

Reovirus (ds)

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6
Q

Which RNA viruses do not replicate in cytoplasm?

A

Influenza and Retroviruses

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7
Q

Which RNA viruses are not linear?

A

BAD: Bunya, Arena and Delta (HDV)

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8
Q

Which RNA viruses have a segmented genome?

A

BOAR: Bunya, Orthomyxo, Arena, Reo

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9
Q

Caliciviruses

A

Non-enveloped, (+) ssRNA, linear, icosahedral

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10
Q

Norovirus (Norwalk Virus)

A

Viral gastroenteritis
2-3 days
Not inflammatory: no blood, mucus or fecal leukocytes

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11
Q

Hepeviruses

A

Non-enveloped, (+) ssRNA, linear, icosahedral

Hep E

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12
Q

Reoviruses

A

REO: Respiratory Enteric Orphan viruses
Non-enveloped, dsRNA, icosahedral
11 segments, linear
Contain RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

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13
Q

Coltivirus

A

Reovirus
Colorado Tick Fever
Fever, chills, myalgias, HA
Self-limited

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14
Q

Rotavirus

A

Reovirus
Gastroenteritis in kids
No blood, mucus, few/no fecal leukocytes
Live, attenuated vaccine given prior 6mo

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15
Q

Picornaviruses

A 
PERCH:
Poliovirus
Echovirus
Rhinovirus
Coxsackie Virus
Hep A
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16
Q

Picornaviruses

A

Non-enveloped, (+) ssRNA, linear, icosahedral

Synthesize large polyprotein that is cleaved to viral proteins

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17
Q

Which Picornavirus is not an enterovirus (fecal-oral transmission)?

A

Rhinovirus (Common Cold)

  • Cannot survive in stomach (acid-labile)
  • Transmitted directly via respiratory droplets
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18
Q

Inactivated Polio Vaccine

A

Salk

Injected so generates systemic antibody response (mostly IgG)

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19
Q

Live Polio Vaccine

A

Sabin

Local IgA antibody response

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20
Q

Echovirus

A

Picornavirus

Aseptic (viral) meningitis

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21
Q

90% of viral meningitis is caused by

A

Coxackie and Echoviruses

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22
Q

Hep A

A

Picornavirus

Non-enveloped

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23
Q

Which Coxsackie causes aseptic meningitis?

A

Both A & B

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24
Q

Hand, foot and mouth syndrome

A

Coxsackie A
Kids
Sore throat, oral vesicles
Rash: small lesions on hands, feet, buttocks

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25
Q

Herpangina

A 
Coxsackie A
Kids
High fever, seizures
Mouth blisters
No rash
Summer
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26
Q

Myocarditis, Pericarditis

A

Coxsackie B

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27
Q

Naked RNA Viruses

A

Calici (Norwalk)
Hepe (HEV)
Reo (Rota, Colti)
Picorna (PERCH)

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28
Q

Coronavirus

A

Enveloped, linear

only (+)ssRNA with helical capsid

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29
Q

Corona virus is a cause of

A

common cold

most common is rhinovirus

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30
Q

Which virus causes SARS?

A 
Corona virus
SARS: Up to one week prodome
Fever, malaise, HA, Myalgias
Cough, dyspnea
Sometimes progressing to respiratory failure
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31
Q

Retroviruses

A

Enveloped, ssRNA, linear
Reverse Transcriptase
DNA replicates in nucleus

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32
Q

How is Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) similar to HIV?

A

2 identical strands of (+) RNA
Enters CD4 T cells
Reverse transcribed to DNA
DNA product integrated into host cell genome

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33
Q

How is HTLV different from HIV?

A

T-cells proliferate and transform (rather than dying)

T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (Non-Hodgkins lymphoma)

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34
Q

Flaviviruses

A

Enveloped, (+) ssRNA, linear, icosahedral

35
Q

Which Flavivirus is not a mosquito-borne illness?

A

Hep C

36
Q

What four mosquito illnesses are caused by Flavivirus?

A

Yellow Fever
Dengue Fever
St. Louis Encephalitis
West Nile Virus

37
Q

Viruses that are transmitted by a mosquito or tick bite are called

A

Arboviruses

38
Q

Yellow Fever

A 
Virus can live in monkeys
Arbovirus
Infects liver (jaundice)
High fever, HA, jaundice, high bilirubin
AST>ALT
Hemorrhage (black vomit)
No specific tx
Vaccine available
39
Q

Yellow Fever Histo

A

Councilman Bodies in liver

40
Q

Dengue Fever

A 
Arbovirus
"Break Bone Fever"
Fever, HA, Retro-orbital pain
SEVERE muscle/joint pain
Maculopapular rash
No specific therapy
41
Q

How are St. Louis and West Nile viruses similar?

A 
Arboviruses
Birds
Encephalitis: fever, AMS
Sometimes meningitis sx
Most people asymptomatic
42
Q

Togaviruses

A

Enveloped (wear a toga), (+) ssRNA, linear, icosahedral

43
Q

Which family is Rubella in?

A

Togavirus

44
Q

Which family are Western and Eastern Equine Encephalitis in?

A

Togavirus

45
Q

Rubella

A 
German measles, 3-day measles
Exanthem/Rash in kids
Inhalation of respiratory droplets
Mild fever, lymphadenopathy
Maculopapular rash 1-5 days after fever
Life-long immunity
No specific Tx
46
Q

Lymphadenopathy in Rubella occurs

A

Posterior cervical and posterior auricular areas

47
Q

Rubella Vaccine

A

MMR (live-attenuated)

48
Q

Congenital Rubella Syndrome

A

TORCH
Mom gets fever, rash, lymphadenopathy
Fetus gets deafness, cataracts, cardiac disease

49
Q

PDA, Pulmonary Artery Stenosis, Blueberry Muffin Baby

A

Congenital Rubella Syndrome

50
Q

How are congenital CMV and Rubella similar

A

Deafness, Blueberry Muffin Baby

51
Q

How are congenital CMV and Rubella different

A

CMV: Seizures, Hepatosplenomegaly
Rubella: Cataracts, congeintal heart malformations

52
Q

Equine Encephalitis

A

Resides in birds and transmitted by mosquitos

Most infections asymptomatic but can cause encephalitis

53
Q

Which encephalitis due to Arbovirus is the worst?

A

Eastern Equine Syndrome

54
Q

(+) Enveloped RNA Viruses

A

Corona
Retro
Flavi
Toga

55
Q

All (-) RNA viruses are

A

helical and enveloped

56
Q

Bunyavirus

A

(-) ssRNA virus
helical, enveloped
Segmented (BOAR)
Circular genome (BAD)

57
Q

Which family is California encephalitis virus in?

A

Bunya virus
Arbovirus
Resevoir is rodents instead of birds

58
Q

Rift Valley, Crimean-Congo, and Hantavirus infections are part of which family and can cause what?

A

Bunyaviruses

Hemorrhagic fever

59
Q

All RNA-viruses that can cause encephalitis are

A

Arboviruses (mosquito-borne)

60
Q

What RNA-viruses can cause encephalitis?

A 
Flaviviruses (birds)
-St. Louis, West Nile
Togaviruses (birds)
-Eastern and Western Equine
Bunyaviruses (rodents)
-California
61
Q

Hemorrhagic fever is a viral infection always caused by

A

enveloped RNA viruses

62
Q

Hantavirus often progresses to

A

renal or respiratory failure

63
Q

Filoviruses

A

Ebola and Marburg
Enveloped, (-)ssRNA, linear, helical
Spread by body fluid contact
Hemorrhagic fever

64
Q

Arenaviruses

A 
Enveloped, (-)ssRNA, helical
Segmented (BOAR)
Circular Genome (BAD)
Lassa Fever
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV)
65
Q

Lassa Fever

A

Arenaviruses
Hemorrhagic fever
Spread by urine from rats
Close contact with infected people

66
Q

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV)

A

Arenavirus
Rare cause of viral meningitis
Rats and mice

67
Q

Bunyavirus

A

Rift Valley (mosquito)
Crimean-Congo (tick)
Hanta (rodents)

68
Q

Filoviruses

A

Ebola/Marburg

69
Q

Arenavirus that can cause hemorrhagic fever

A

Lassa Fever (rats)

70
Q

Flaviviruses that can cause hemorrhagic fever

A

Yellow Fever, Dengue

71
Q

Rhabdoviruses

A

Enveloped, (-)ssRNA, linear, helical

Rabies

72
Q

Rabies incubation period

A

1-3 months

73
Q

Rhabdoviruses like to bind to

A

Ach receptors on peripheral nerves before migrating to CNS

74
Q

Rabies vaccine

A

Inactivated Vaccine

Administer with rabies immunoglobin

75
Q

Orthomyxoviruses

A 
Enveloped, (-)ssRNA, linear, helical
Segmented genome (BOAR)
76
Q

Influenza A

A

Most common
Pandemics
2 Key envelope proteins
-Hemagluttinin: binds to cells and assists virus entry
-Neuraminidase: removes sialic acid from glycoproteins so viral progeny can exit
Replicates in nucleus

77
Q

Antigenic Drift

A

Minor changes in hemagluttinin and neuraminidase
Due to random mutations in glycoproteins
Epidemics

78
Q

Antigenic Shift

A 
Major structural change in hemagluttinin or neuraminidase proteins
Segmented Virus: Recombination
Animal/Human infect same cell
Pandemics
BOAR: Bunya, Orthomyxo, Arena, Reo
79
Q

Paramyxovirus

A

Enveloped, (-)ssRNA, helical
Kids
All contain F (fusion) proteins

80
Q

F (fusion) protein

A

Helps Paramyxovirus fuse with respiratory epithelial cells

81
Q

RSV Tx

A

Palivizumab monoclonal antibody against F protein (Paramyxovirus)

82
Q

Paramyxovirus

A

Parainfluenza, RSV, Measles, Mumps

83
Q

Parainfluenza causes

A

Croup in kids
Treat respiratory distress with steroids
O/w self-limiting

84
Q

RSV Tx

A

Infants
Ribavirin
Palivizumab

ID Review (23 decks)

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