Kapitel 14

Question 1

In chloroplasts and photosynthetic bacteria - the part of the membrane-bound photosystem that captures energy from sunlight; contains an array of proteins that bind hundreds of chlorophyll molecules and other photosensitive pigments.

Answer 1

antenna complex

Question 2

Membrane-associated enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate during oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis.

Answer 2

ATP synthase

Question 3

Process by which green plants and other photosynthetic organisms incorporate carbon atoms from atmospheric carbon dioxide into sugars. The second stage of photosynthesis.

Answer 3

carbon fixation

Question 4

Mechanism that uses the energy stored in a transmembrane proton gradient to drive an energy-requiring process - such as the synthesis of ATP or the transport of a molecule across a membrane.

Answer 4

chemiosmotic coupling

Question 5

Light-absorbing green pigment that plays a central part in photosynthesis.

Answer 5

chlorophyll

Question 6

Membrane-bound - colored - heme-containing protein that transfers electrons during cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

Answer 6

cytochrome

Question 7

Protein complex that serves as the final electron carrier in the respiratory chain; removes electrons from cytochrome c and passes them to O2 to produce H2O.

Answer 7

cytochrome c oxidase

Question 8

In photosynthesis - the set of reactions that produce sugars from CO2; these reactions - also called carbon fixation - can occur in the absence of sunlight.

Answer 8

dark reactions

Question 9

Metal complex found in electron carriers that operate early in the electron-transport chain; has a relatively weak affinity for electrons.

Answer 9

iron–sulfur center

Question 10

In photosynthesis - the set of reactions that converts the energy of sunlight into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.

Answer 10

light reactions

Question 11

Large internal compartment within a mitochondrion.

Answer 11

matrix

Question 12

Conversion of nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into nitrogen-containing molecules by soil bacteria and cyanobacteria.

Answer 12

nitrogen fixation

Question 13

Large multiprotein complex containing chlorophyll that captures light energy and converts it into chemical energy; consists of a set of antenna complexes and a reaction center.

Answer 13

photosystem

Question 14

Small - lipid-soluble - mobile electron carrier molecule found in the respiratory and photosynthetic electron-transport chains.

Answer 14

quinone

Question 15

In photosynthetic membranes - a protein complex that contains a specialized pair of chlorophyll molecules that performs photochemical reactions to convert the energy of photons (light) into high-energy electrons for transport down the photosynthetic electron-transport chain.

Answer 15

reaction center

Question 16

Two molecules that can be interconverted by the gain or loss of an electron; for example - NADH and NAD+.

Answer 16

redox pair

Question 17

A measure of the tendency of a given redox pair to donate or accept electrons.

Answer 17

redox potential

Question 18

A reaction in which electrons are transferred from one chemical species to another. An oxidation–reduction reaction.

Answer 18

redox reaction

Question 19

Set of proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane that facilitates the transfer of high-energy electrons from NADH to water while pumping protons into the intermembrane space.

Answer 19

respiratory enzyme complex

Question 20

In a chloroplast - the large interior space that contains the enzymes needed to incorporate CO2 into sugars during the carbon-fixation stage of photosynthesis; equivalent to the matrix of a mitochondrion.

Answer 20

stroma

Question 21

In a chloroplast - the flattened disclike sac whose membranes contain the proteins and pigments that convert light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis.

Answer 21

thylakoid