Kapitel 11 Flashcards
Having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions - as in a phospholipid or a detergent molecule.
amphipathic
Pigmented protein found in abundance in the plasma membrane of the salt-loving archaeon Halobacterium halobium; pumps protons out of the cell in response to light.
bacteriorhodopsin
Short - rigid lipid molecule present in large amounts in the plasma membranes of animal cells - where it makes the lipid bilayer less flexible.
cholesterol
Soapy substance used to solubilize membrane proteins.
detergent
Protective layer of carbohydrates on the outside surface of the plasma membrane formed by the sugar residues of membrane glycoproteins - proteoglycans - and glycolipids.
glycocalyx
Functionally and structurally specialized region in the membrane of a cell or organelle; typically characterized by the presence of specific proteins.
membrane domain
A protein associated with the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane.
membrane protein
Common phospholipid present in abundance in most cell membranes; uses choline attached to a phosphate as its head group.
phosphatidylcholine
A major type of lipid molecule in many cell membranes. Generally composed of two fatty acid tails linked to one of a variety of phosphate-containing polar groups.
phospholipid
Describes an organic molecule that contains a full complement of hydrogen; in other words - no double or triple carbon–carbon bonds.
saturated
Describes an organic molecule that contains one or more double or triple bonds between its carbon atoms.
unsaturated
Protective layer of sugar residues - including the polysaccharide portions of proteoglycans and oligosaccharides attached to protein or lipid molecules - on the outer surface of a cell. Also called the glycocalyx.
carbohydrate layer
The space inside a hollow or tubular structure; can refer to the cavity in a tissue or within an organelle.
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