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INS > Kafli 4,5,6,7 Airspeeds > Flashcards

Kafli 4,5,6,7 Airspeeds Flashcards

1
Q

What is Vmo calculated from (what speed)?

A

EAS

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2
Q

Constant weight and config. The aircraft always takes off at what speed?

A

EAS (Ekki GS eðlilega því ef það er mikill vindur í fangið þá tekur þú á loft á litlum gs).

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3
Q

With CAS and pressure altitude þá getum við fengið út hvaða hraða?

A

EAS. Held til að fá TAS þá þarftu líka hitastig.

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4
Q

Ef þú klífur á constant CAS, hvað gerist fyrir EAS og af hverju?

A

EAS decreases. Málið er að EAS er minni en CAS því CAS inniheldur compression factor (sem er auðvitað ekki hægt að lesa sem hraða) og því er í EAS búið að draga þann faktor frá. Þegar þú hækkar flugið þynnist loftið og loftið er “more compressible” og þessi frádráttarþáttur orðinn meiri = Minna EAS.

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5
Q

What speed tells you the actual airspeed through the air?

A

TAS

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6
Q

Hver er þumalputtareglan til að finna TAS út úr IAS?

A

2% aukning á IAS fyrir hverjar 1000 ft.

Ef þú ert á FL60 á 100 IAS þá er TAS væntanlega 120 kts. Hef samt alveg séð miðað við 110 kts. Því er grófleg áætlun væntanlega látin duga.

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7
Q

Um hvaða mæli á PUDSOD reglan við?

A

Airspeed indicator

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8
Q

VFE is what speed?

A

Maximum speed with the flaps extended FOR EACH PRROVED FLAP POSITION.

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9
Q

Parallax error is..

A

a reading error

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10
Q

When sideslipping, what instrument will give an incorrect indication?

A

Airspeed indicator

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11
Q

Ef að EAS value er hærra en TAS value, hvað er þá að gerast?

A

Density of the atmosphere must be greater than the ISA mean sea level air density. Sé þetta þannig að TAS er að leiðrétta EAS alveg niður í jörð, en ef gildið er orðið minna, þá ertu í raun kominn neðar en jörðin sjálf (below sea level), þar sem loftið er þéttara en við sea level.

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12
Q

Hvaða hraði er “Maximum structural cruising speed”? Svar: V__

A

Vno

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13
Q

Af hverju er square-law compensation í ASI? The ____ pressure increases with the square of the airspeed

A

differential pressure.

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14
Q

An airspeed indicator must be calibrated according to the formula of who?

A

Saint-Venant, taking into account the air compressability.

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15
Q

The airspeed indicator measures ____ pressure

A

differential

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16
Q

Hvað er það í Instantaneous VSI sem tekur út lag error?

A

Acceleration pump (notar dashpot accelerometer assembly)

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17
Q

Hvað gerist fyrir VSI ef static verður blocked?

A

Les núll

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18
Q

Skekkjumörk í VSI megar vera a) on ground og b) í öðrum tilvikum

A

on ground 200 fpm og í öðrum tilvikum 300 fpm.

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19
Q

Hvað reiknar þessi formúla út? Angle * speed / 60

A

Rate of descent

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20
Q

Hvað gerist fyrir CAS þegar OAT decreases? En TAS? En Mach?

A

CAS og Mach breytast ekkert. TAS minnkar í kulda. Loft er þéttara í kulda held ég og því ferðu hægar í gegn um það.

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21
Q

Hver er formúla local speed of sound?

A

LSS = 38.95 * sqrt(absolute air temperature í K)

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22
Q

Í Chicken Ticca Masala grafinu, hvernig breytist það ef það er inversion?

A

M hoppar aftur fyrir T og það er eina breytingin.

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23
Q

Í chicken Ticca Masala, hvernig breytist grafið ef um “isothermal” er að ræða?

A

C er eins og venjulega en T og M eru bara beinar línur upp.

24
Q

A pitot blockage of both the ram air input and the drain hole with the static port open causes the airspeed indicator to:

a. read a little low
b. read a little high
c. react like an altimeter
d. freeze at zero

A

c. react like an altimeter

Muna bara að ef bæði ram air input og drain hole á pitoinu er stíflað, þá er ASI bara altimeter (að því gefnu að static sé ekki stíflað).

25
Q

Static blocked en pitot virkar í descent. Hvað gerist?

A

Vélin gefur upp of háan hraða.

Hún er að nýtast við þunnt loft að ofan sem static en er að fá þéttara og þéttara RAM air.

26
Q

An aircraft maintaining a constant CAS and altitude is flying from a cold airmass into warmer air. The effect of the change of temperature on the speed will be:

a. CAS will decrease
b. EAS will increase
c. TAS will increase
d. TAS will decrease

A

c. TAS will increase

27
Q

The airspeed indicator is calibrated to:

a. conditions of the International Standard Atmosphere at all heights
b. conditions of the International Standard Atmosphere at MSL
c. an air density of 1013.25 g/m3
d. indicate correctly in any atmosphere

A

b. conditions of the International Standard Atmosphere at MSL

28
Q

Hver er formúla dynamic pressure?

A

1/2 hró * V^2

29
Q

Nefnu errorin sem geta verið í iASI (fimm atriði).

A

instrument error, position error, density error, compressibility error, manoeuvre
induced error

30
Q

If the static line to the ASI becomes blocked during a climb, the ASI reading will:

a. increase, no matter what the actual airspeed is
b. progressively under indicate the value of airspeed
c. progressively over indicate the value of airspeed
d. stick at the airspeed showing at the moment of blockage

A

b. progressively under indicate the value of airspeed

31
Q

Lapse rate er 1.98°C/1000ft, en hversu langt upp nær þessi regla? Hve langt upp er svo loftið isothermal?

A

36,000 ft, isothermal upp í 65,000 ft.

32
Q

Hvað þýðir isothermal?

A

hitatsig breytist ekki með hæð

33
Q

When flying from low pressure to high pressure, without resetting the altimeter datum, the barometric error of an altimeter will cause the instrument to over/underread

A

underread

34
Q

The errors affecting the pressure altimeter are:

a. instrument position, manoeuvre induced, density, temperature, lag
b. instrument, pressure, manoeuvre induced, density, temperature, lag
c. instrument, position, manoeuvre induced, temperature, barometric, lag
d. instrument, pressure, lag, barometric, temperature, compressibility

A

c. instrument, position, manoeuvre induced, temperature, barometric, lag

Mundu að það er greinilega ekki talað um density error í barometer (en talað um temperature error).

35
Q

An altimeter with 1013 set on the subscale will indicate ……., but with QNH set, the altimeter will show …….

A

Pressure altitude, altitude

36
Q

VSI; Allowable error within -20°C to +50°C is..

A

+/- 200 feet per minute, en á öðrum hitastigum +/- 300 feet.

37
Q

The advantage of having the VSI dial presentation in logarithmic spacing rather than in linear spacing is that:

a. at low rates of climb or descent the pointer movement is much larger and so is more easily read
b. readings are instantaneous
c. a greater range of rates of climb and descent is shown
d. the internal mechanism is simplified by deletion of the calibration choke

A

a. at low rates of climb or descent the pointer movement is much larger and so is more easily read

38
Q

Because the VSI measures rates of change of static pressure and not actual values of static pressure, position error:

a. never affects VSI indications
b. may cause errors in the VSI during the take-off run
c. may cause errors in VSI indications whenever airspeed is change
d. may cause errors in VSI indications whenever airspeed is changed, even if there is no change in position error

A

b. may cause errors in the VSI during the take-off run

39
Q

When entering a steep turn, an IVSI is likely to show:

a. no change in altitude
b. a climb
c. a descent
d. a slight descent at high airspeed only

A

b. a climb

40
Q

If the static vent becomes blocked during a climb:

a. the VSI will stop at the rate of climb of the aircraft at the time of blockage
b. the VSI will indicate a decreasing rate of climb
c. the VSI will return to zero
d. the VSI will indicate an increasing rate of climb

A

c. the VSI will return to zero

41
Q

VSI; In conditions of clear air turbulence:

a. the standard VSI is more sensitive
b. the IVSI is more sensitive
c. both types will react the same
d. the vertical acceleration pump will not be affected

A

b. the IVSI is more sensitive

42
Q

VSI; Change of temperature as an aircraft climbs or descends:

a. will affect VSI readings whenever temperature lapse rate differs from standard conditions
b. is compensated at the metering unit by means of a capillary and orifice
c. has no effect on the VSI as only static pressure is used in this instrument
d. may be allowed for by use of tables or computer

A

b. is compensated at the metering unit by means of a capillary and orifice.

Þetta metering unit er greinilega að cancella út áhrifum hitastigsbreytinga.

43
Q

Hver er formúla LSS? Í hvaða mælieiningu er LSS gefið upp?

A

38.95 * sqrt (absolute temp í K)

Knots

44
Q

Hver er formúla Mach number?

A

Mach = TAS/LSS

45
Q

When climbing at a constant mach number below the tropopause through an inversion:

a. the CAS and TAS will both increase
b. the CAS and TAS will both decrease
c. the CAS will decrease and the TAS will increase
d. the CAS will increase and the TAS will decrease

A

c. the CAS will decrease and the TAS will increase

Mundu; í inversion þá er þetta ekki Chicken ticca masala heldur “chicken masala ticca”

46
Q

he errors to which the Machmeter is subject are:
a. instrument error, position error, compressibility error and manoeuvre induced error
b. instrument error, position error and manoeuvre induced error
c. instrument error, position error, barometric error, temperature error and
manoeuvre induced error
d. instrument error, position error, density error and manoeuvre induced error

A

b. instrument error, position error and manoeuvre induced error.

Machmeterinn virðist bara hafa sömu errora og ASI, ekki fleiri.

47
Q

The Machmeter gives an indication of mach number by measuring the ratio..

A

dynamic pressure / static pressure

48
Q

What flight conditions produce the greatest errors in an IVSI? (Tvennt af neðangreindu)

  1. rotate
  2. steep turn
  3. landing
  4. rolling
  5. turbulence
  6. looping
  7. go around
A
  1. steep turn

5. turbulence

49
Q

The restricted choke in the VSI:

a. creates a differential pressure between the capsule and the case as its main function
c. compensates for time lag in the instrument Incorrect

A

a. creates a differential pressure between the capsule and the case as its main function

50
Q

In a VSI, change of temperature as an aircraft climbs or descends:

a. may be allowed for by use of tables or computer
b. has no effect on the VSI as only static pressure is used in this instrument
c. is compensated at the metering unit by means of a capillary and orifice
d. will affect VSI readings whenever temperature lapse rate differs from standard conditions

A

c. is compensated at the metering unit by means of a capillary and orifice

51
Q

Hver er auðveld leið til að finna TAS ef þú hefur CAS 100 og þú ert í 10,000 fts?

A

TAS = CAS + 2% fyrir hver 1000 ft (20% í þessu tilviki) = 120.

52
Q

The errors to which the machmeter are subject are:

b. instrument error, position error, compressibility error and manoeuvre induced error Incorrect
c. instrument error, position error and manoeuvre induced error

A

c. instrument error, position error and manoeuvre induced error

Machmeterinn er greinilega að fá manoeuvre induced error líka.

53
Q

The combined machmeter/ASI is subject to the following errors:

a. Position, density, instrument, compressibility, manoeuvre induced
d. Instrument, pressure and temperature only

A

a. Position, density, instrument, compressibility, manoeuvre induced

54
Q

What determines the “barber’s pole” speed on a combined Mach/ASI meter? Vmo vs. ___.

A

altitude

55
Q

Á PUDSOD reglan sem notuð er í ASI, líka við um Machmeter?

A

já, sýnist hún alltaf virka.

56
Q

Descending from FL390 at maximum groundspeed, what will the pilot be limited by?

a. MMO initially then VMO at a specified altitude
c. VNO initially then VNE at a specified altitude

A

a. MMO initially then VMO at a specified altitude

57
Q

Af hverju ef þú climbar á constant mach, mun CAS minnka?

A

minnkandi density og TAS.

Væntanlega þegar loft þynnist og það er auðveldara að fara í gegnum það, þá hægir vélin á sér til að halda Mach (sem er örugglega ekkert að taka mið af loftþéttni) = Lægra CAS.

INS (23 decks)

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