Juvenile/Idiopathic Arthritis Flashcards
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects children. It is characterised by joint inflammation, pain, and stiffness that can lead to joint damage and disability if left untreated. What is the estimated incidence of JIA?
1 - 2 cases per 100,000
2 - 20 cases per 100,000
3 - 200 cases per 100,000
4 - 2000 cases per 100,000
1 - 2 cases per 100,000
More common in females
What age does Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) typically present?
1 - 0-12 months
2 - 5-10
3 - 6-15
4 - 10-25
3 - 6-15
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is diagnosed where there is arthritis without any other cause, lasting how long?
1 - >2 weeks in <16
2 - >6 weeks in <16
3 - >12 weeks in <16
4 - >12 months in <16
2 - >6 weeks in <16
Which of the following is NOT a key clinical feature of Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?
1 - joint pain
2 - swelling
3 - fragility fractures
4 - stiffness
3 - fragility fractures
There are 5 main types of Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Systemic JIA, also known as Still’s disease is a systemic illness that can occur throughout childhood in boys and girls. It is an idiopathic inflammatory condition. Which of the following are typical features of this condition?
1 - Subtle salmon-pink rash
2 - High swinging fevers
3 - Enlarged lymph nodes
4 - Weight loss
5 - Joint inflammation and pain
6 - Splenomegaly
7 - Muscle pain
8 - Pleuritis and pericarditis
9 - all of the above
9 - all of the above
In Systemic Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), are anti-nuclear antibodies and RF typically positive or negative?
- both are negative
In Systemic Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), all of the following are commonly raised, EXCEPT which one?
1 - ESR
2 - WBCs
3 - CRP
4 - platelets
5 - ferritin
2 - WBCs
In Systemic Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), a key complication is macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). This is due to a severe activation of the immune system with a massive inflammatory response. It presents with all of the following EXCEPT which feature?
1 - acutely unwell child
2 - disseminated intravascular coagulation
3 - anaemia
4 - thrombocytopenia
5 - bleeding
6 - non-blanching rash
7 - high ESR
7 - high ESR
Typically presents with a low ESR
MEDICAL EMERGENCY
If a child presents with a salmon-pink rash, fevers, joint pain and fevers for more than 5 days, which of the following non-infective differentials should be considered?
1 - Kawasaki disease
2 - Still’s disease (Systemic Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)
3 - Rheumatic fever
4 - Leukaemia
5 - all of the above
5 - all of the above
Polyarticular Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) involves inflammatory arthritis in 5 or more joints. Does this typically present symmetrical or asymmetrically?
- symmetrical
Typically both sides are affected
This is the RA in children
Polyarticular Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) involves inflammatory arthritis in 5 or more joints, commonly symmetrically. Is this confined to small or large joints?
Can affect all joints including small joints of hands and feet to hips and and knees
Polyarticular Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) involves inflammatory arthritis in 5 or more joints, commonly symmetrically. Systemic symptoms are not common, but can present with all of the following EXCEPT which one?
1 - high swinging fever
2 - anaemia
3 - reduced growth
1 - high swinging fever
Typically causes a mild fever
Systemic symptoms are typically mild
Polyarticular Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) involves inflammatory arthritis in 5 or more joints, commonly symmetrically. This is often referred to as the RA of children. Is RF always positive?
- no
Most children are negative (seronegative)
However, some children are RF positive (seropositive) and are typically older
Oligoarticular Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common form of JIA, typically affecting 4 joints or less. Does this commonly affect more or multiple joints?
- Commonly just one joint
Typically called monoarthritis and affects the knee or ankle
BUT can affect 4 or less
Oligoarticular Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common form of JIA, typically affecting 4 joints or less. Does this occur more commonly in boys or girls?
- girls
Commonly aged <6 years old