Just the stars Flashcards
can you always substitute generic drug for the brand name***
no if the drug is a critical care drug or has narrow safety margins it can not be substituted for generic
what are 4 factors that can affect bioavailability***
Brand name vs generic drug
difference in inert or active ingredients
Rate of absorption
Tablet compression
what are 10 things that a nurse needs to know about every medication they give to a patient***
-What drug is ordered and why
-name of drug
-intended use
-effects on body
-contraindications
-special considerations (Things to consider when giving a pt meds)
-adverse effects
-How drug is supplied by the pharmacy
-How to administer the drug
-what nursing process considerations related to the drug apply to this patient
What are 5 things that a nurse must obtain form the PT before administering a drug***
Physical assessment
Past medical history
Any history of allergies
Previous medications
Patients learning capabilities
what is therapeutic Index***
ratio of drugs LD50 to its ED50 measure of a drugs safety margin the higher the value the safer the medication
WHat medication do you need to be very aware of the dose response relationship***
antibiotics
what is potency of a drug***
Amount of drug needed to produce a specific effect
what is efficacy of a drug***
Greatest maximal response produced by a drug
which one is more important efficacy or potency in determining if a drug is more therapeutic**
efficacy
what are the aspects that patient education should include**
-Carry a list of all current meds in cas of emergency
-Have allergies listed
-Use one pharmacy if possible
-consult pharmacist if medication looks unfamiliar
-teach the 5 rights to the patient
-teach adverse reactions and which to report immediately
-teach patient to read drug label prior to each administration
-all left over medication should be disposed of not saved for future use
what medications are extremely common in poisonings for toddlers***
Analgesics
Cough syrup
Topical ointments
Vitamins
What are the 7 side effects of opioids***
LOC major change
Respiratory depression
Nausea Vomiting
Constipation
urinary retention
Pruritus
Myoclonus (muscle twitches)
What are key interactions to be aware of with tramadol***
-Do not take in combination with Antidepressants and MAOI’s(old school antidepressant)
-DO NOt drink alcohol causes sudden death
-if taken with CYP2D6 inhibitors tramadol will have a reduced analgesic affect
what order are the three forms of anesthesia given in***
- IV
- Inhaled/gas
- Local/topical
Neurolept anesthesia is induced by what drug***
IV opioids induce neurolept anaesthesia
Along with the normal adverse effects of opioids what are the most common adverse effects of Fentanyl***
-resp depression
-apnea
-skeletal muscle rigidity***
-bradycardia
What are three things should be monitored when giving someone IV anesthetic***
Respiratory depression and LOC
ECG for cardiac dysrhythmias
Dystonia
What is dystonia***
it is a state of abnormal muscle tone resulting in muscular spasms and abnormal posture and means the medication is not working
When inserting a chest tube what method of local anesthetic would you used***
Infiltration anesthetic
what is the onset of local anesthetic dependant on***
the onset is dependant on the drugs ability to diffuse from application site to the surrounding nerves***
What are three reasons that epinephrine would be administered with local anesthetic ***
Epinephrine is a vasoconstrictor so it
1. Limits blood loss
2. Reduces systemic distribution of the drug
3. extends the duration of action of the local anesthetic
what parts of the body should you never use epinephrine and local anesthetic***
Fingers
Nose
Penis
Toes
what are the the seven main principles of pain management***
-Immediate goal is to reduce pain so that a person can perform ADLS
-patient should be considered expert in their own pain
-pain management is a patients right
-Non pharmacological interventions should be encouraged because of less adverse effects
-combo therapy is best (opioid non opioid) since it reduces adverse effects
-dosing should be individualized
-adverse effects should be anticipated and prevented
what are the 5 common truths about pain***
-Patients who are in pain may not appear to be in pain
-Patients can sleep when their in pain
-Very few patients become addicted to their medication (0.01%)
-patients who are addicted to medication do not necessarily over report pain because they are drug seeking
-Vital signs are not a reliable indicator of pain
