Chapter 26 anesthetics Flashcards
what is balanced anesthesia***
Is the use of a combination of drugs to produce general anesthesia and allows for lower and safer doses
What are the 4 drugs that are administered to achieve general anesthesia***
-Neuromuscular blockers (so muscles don’t move
-Short acting benzodiazepines
-Opioids
-general anesthetic inhaled and IV
What are the 3 forms of anesthesia***
-IV
-Inhaled Gas
-Local/topical
what order are the three forms of anesthesia given in***
- IV
- Inhaled/gas
- Local/topical
Neurolept anesthesia is induced by what drug***
IV opioids induce neurolept anaesthesia
Along with the normal adverse effects of opioids what are the most common adverse effects of Fentanyl***
-resp depression
-apnea
-skeletal muscle rigidity***
-bradycardia
What are three things should be monitored when giving someone IV anesthetic***
Respiratory depression and LOC
ECG for cardiac dysrhythmias
Dystonia
what class of medications is succinylcholine
Paralytic
what serious adverse effect can succinylcholine induce
respiratory paralysis
What is dystonia***
it is a state of abnormal muscle tone resulting in muscular spasms and abnormal posture and means the medication is not working
What is the primary indication of benzodiazepine
mainly used to treat anxiety
What is propofols main therapeutic use
induction and maintenance of general anesthesia
what is the only gaseous anesthetic used today
nitrous oxide
what is local infiltration anesthetic
When a drug is injected into deeper skin layers and travels to surrounding regions to provide releif for minor skin surgeries
When inserting a chest tube what method of local anesthetic would you used***
Infiltration anesthetic
What is a downside of local anesthetic compared to general anaesthetic ***
the HCP has less control over the onset and duration of drug action
what is the onset of local anesthetic dependant on***
the onset is dependant on the drugs ability to diffuse from application site to the surrounding nerves***
What are three reasons that epinephrine would be administered with local anesthetic ***
Epinephrine is a vasoconstrictor so it
1. Limits blood loss
2. Reduces systemic distribution of the drug
3. extends the duration of action of the local anesthetic
what parts of the body should you never use epinephrine and local anesthetic***
Fingers
Nose
Penis
Toes
what are the two major classes of local anesthetics
Esters and Amides
out of the two classes of local anesthetics which one might have less side effects
Amides
What are adjunctive agents
used during perioperative phase to enhance anesthesia or to treat potential adverse effects of anesthesia
What is a major adverse effect to monitor when using any paralytic***
respiratory paralysis
