Chapter 26 anesthetics

Question 1

what is balanced anesthesia***

Answer 1

Is the use of a combination of drugs to produce general anesthesia and allows for lower and safer doses

Question 2

What are the 4 drugs that are administered to achieve general anesthesia***

Answer 2

-Neuromuscular blockers (so muscles don’t move
-Short acting benzodiazepines
-Opioids
-general anesthetic inhaled and IV

Question 3

What are the 3 forms of anesthesia***

Answer 3

-IV
-Inhaled Gas
-Local/topical

Question 4

what order are the three forms of anesthesia given in***

Answer 4

1. IV
2. Inhaled/gas
3. Local/topical

Question 5

Neurolept anesthesia is induced by what drug***

Answer 5

IV opioids induce neurolept anaesthesia

Question 6

Along with the normal adverse effects of opioids what are the most common adverse effects of Fentanyl***

Answer 6

-resp depression
-apnea
-skeletal muscle rigidity***
-bradycardia

Question 7

What are three things should be monitored when giving someone IV anesthetic***

Answer 7

Respiratory depression and LOC
ECG for cardiac dysrhythmias
Dystonia

Question 8

what class of medications is succinylcholine

Answer 8

Paralytic

Question 9

what serious adverse effect can succinylcholine induce

Answer 9

respiratory paralysis

Question 10

What is dystonia***

Answer 10

it is a state of abnormal muscle tone resulting in muscular spasms and abnormal posture and means the medication is not working

Question 11

What is the primary indication of benzodiazepine

Answer 11

mainly used to treat anxiety

Question 12

What is propofols main therapeutic use

Answer 12

induction and maintenance of general anesthesia

Question 13

what is the only gaseous anesthetic used today

Answer 13

nitrous oxide

Question 14

what is local infiltration anesthetic

Answer 14

When a drug is injected into deeper skin layers and travels to surrounding regions to provide releif for minor skin surgeries

Question 15

When inserting a chest tube what method of local anesthetic would you used***

Answer 15

Infiltration anesthetic

Question 16

What is a downside of local anesthetic compared to general anaesthetic ***

Answer 16

the HCP has less control over the onset and duration of drug action

Question 17

what is the onset of local anesthetic dependant on***

Answer 17

the onset is dependant on the drugs ability to diffuse from application site to the surrounding nerves***

Question 18

What are three reasons that epinephrine would be administered with local anesthetic ***

Answer 18

Epinephrine is a vasoconstrictor so it
1. Limits blood loss
2. Reduces systemic distribution of the drug
3. extends the duration of action of the local anesthetic

Question 19

what parts of the body should you never use epinephrine and local anesthetic***

Answer 19

Fingers
Nose
Penis
Toes

Question 20

what are the two major classes of local anesthetics

Answer 20

Esters and Amides

Question 21

out of the two classes of local anesthetics which one might have less side effects

Answer 21

Amides

Question 22

What are adjunctive agents

Answer 22

used during perioperative phase to enhance anesthesia or to treat potential adverse effects of anesthesia

Question 23

What is a major adverse effect to monitor when using any paralytic***

Answer 23

respiratory paralysis