Chapter 5 Adverse Drug Reactions Flashcards
What is a controlled substance**
Any drug that has a potential for abuse and whose use or possession is regulated by the government
What schedule of drug is the most dangerous/addictive**
Schedule 1 has the highest potential for abuse and schedule 5 has the least potential for abuse
whats the definition of an adverse effect from a medication**
Undesirable effect that occurs secondary to a medication
What is an adverse drug reaction
ADR is a type of adverse drug effect where the cause is unknown
whats the definition of side effect of a drug
effects of a drug that are predictable and which may occur at therapeutic doses and are less severe than an adverse effect
What qualifies as an adverse drug effect
-Med that can result in death
-Can cause birth defects
-cause life threatening event
-requires intervention to prevent serious consequences
-requires reporting by the nurse
what are ways that a nurse reports adverse drug responses
to manufacture directly
pharmacist
Health canada vigilance program
PSLS
what is the food and drug regulation act
set of legal documents that regulates health canada the vigilance program etc
what is the canadian vigilance program
branch of health canada that assesses reports of adverse reactions to drugs on the market and provides tools for HCP’s to report adverse effects
what is a drug allergy caused by
a hyper response of the body’s defenses which releses numerous chemicals into peripheral system and initiate a massive inflammation response
what determines severity of allergic reaction**
totally determined by the persons body and not the dose of the drug
what is a necessary factor to have an allergic response to a drug**
must have previous exposure to that drug
are allergic reactions a hereditary trait**
no it is usually not a passed down trait (ie if your family member is allergic to a drug then doesn’t mean you will be)
What is cross sensitivity**
if someone is allergic to a specific type of drug they may be allergic to that whole family of drugs
what is the most common time frame for S&S to start occurring from a drug allergy**
most commonly show up an hour after someone takes the drug but s&s can show up at any time
what is anaphylaxis
rare lifethreatining reaction to a drug that causes widespread dysfunction of body systems
what are the two most serious anaphylactic symptoms
restriction of airways and drop in blood pressure
what are 6 drug classes that are most likely to cause allergic reactions
Penicillin
Codeine
Radiologic contrast media with iodine
NSAID’s
Cancer chemotherapy
preservatives
what are teratogens drugs
Drugs that have the potential to cause birth defects
what are three classes of drugs that may cause cancer
Antineoplastic
hormones and hormone antagonists
immunosuppressants
what are the three effects that drug interactions can have on medication
-The medication can be inhibited by the interaction
-the medication can be enhanced by the interaction
-the interaction may produce a totally different response to the medication
What is an additive drug interaction
when two drugs are given together to produce a greater response than if the drugs were given separately (1+1=2)
What is a synergistic drug interaction
When two drugs are given together to produce a greater effect than simply adding the two drugs effects ie 1+1=3
what is a potentiate drug interaction
drug that itself has no therapeutic effect but enhances the effect of another drug ie 1+0=1
would the presence of food usually increase or decrease the effect of a drug
the presence of food decreases the potential effect of a drug
if there is increased stimulation of CYP enzymes what will happen to the potential drug effect
if there are more CYP enzymes then the drug will be metabolized faster and will have less of an effect
if there is an inhibition of CYP enzymes then what will happen to the potential drug effect
there will be an increased potential effect of the drug because it will not be metabolized as fast
