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NRSG 210 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is pharmacokinetics

A

examines how the drug is modified and moved within the body

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2
Q

what are the four processes of pharmacokinetics

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

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3
Q

what is absorption

A

The process of moving the drug from the site of administration to the blood stream

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4
Q

what are the three ways that drugs reach the target tissues

A

Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport

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5
Q

What are three factors that make a drug more likely to cross the plasma membrane

A

Small molecule size
Nonionized
If the drug is lipophilic

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6
Q

what is one of the most important variables that affects absorption

A

Route of administration

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7
Q

what are the three broad categories of routes of administration

A

Enteral
Topical
Parenteral

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8
Q

What is the enteral route of administration

A

Drugs are delivered to the GI tract

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9
Q

what are three medications that should not be chewed crushed or opened

A

Extended release drugs
Enteric coated drugs
Oral cavity drugs

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10
Q

What is the first pass effect***

A

when drugs are administered enterally they first have to pass through the liver where they may be inactivated before they ever reach the target organ

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11
Q

if a patient was prescribed both an oral medication and a sublingual medication which medication would you administer first

A

always administer the oral medication first

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12
Q

are medications administered sublingually or buccally subjected to stomach acid or the first pass effect

A

no

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13
Q

if medication is administered rectally does it go through the first pass effect***

A

NO

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14
Q

how are parenteral drugs administered

A

Intradermal (into dermis)
Subcutaneous (into the Subcutaneous layer)
Intramuscular
Intravenous

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15
Q

what is the most dangerous form of parenteral drug administration

A

IV administration

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16
Q

how does food being in the stomcah affect absorption

A

food being present in the stomach could slow absorption due o lower motility and a change in PH

17
Q

would a weak acid like aspirin absorb better in an acidic or basic environment

A

absorbs better in an acidic environment

18
Q

how can body pH affect drug absorption

A

If a drug is an acid and the body pH is acidic the drug will absorb more and same with a base

19
Q

what is drug distribution

A

describes how drugs are transported throughout the body

20
Q

can drug protein complexes cross capillary membranes

A

NO drugs have to be unbound to reach target tissues

21
Q

what are the two special barriers that affect drug distribution

A

Blood brain barrier
Fetal placental barrier

22
Q

what kind of drugs are able to cross the blood brain barrier

A

lipid soluble drugs

23
Q

what is metabolism

A

The process in which a drug is chemically changed by the body

24
Q

what are pro drugs

A

Medications that require metabolism to produce therapeutic actions

25
Q

what is the abbreviation for the Hepatic microsomal enzyme system

A

CYP450

26
Q

What is CYP450 in simple terms

A

An enzyme mostly found in the liver that is responsible for the metabolism of many drugs

27
Q

What are enzyme inducers

A

Drugs that increase the metabolic activity in the liver which increases the rate at which drugs are metabolized and excreted from the body

28
Q

what are enzyme inhibitors

A

Drugs that decrease the metabolism of certain CYP450 enzymes which slows how quickly the body can process drugs

29
Q

what are the four ways that drugs are excreted from the body

A

Kidneys
Pulmonary
fecal
Glandular

30
Q

what is the primary route of excretion

A

kidneys

31
Q

What is enterohepatic recirculation

A

when some drugs are excreted in bile the bile is stored in the gallbladder and once the gall bladder contracts it recirculates back into the the intestine which can result in an extended half life

32
Q

What is half life of a drug

A

the time required for a drug plasma concentration to be reduced by half after being administered

33
Q

How many half lives does it take for a drug to be considered eliminated from the body

A

4

34
Q

would increased gastric peristalsis increase or decrease drug absorption

A

it would decrease drug absorption because the medication would spend less time in the GI tract

NRSG 210 (19 decks)

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