chapter 44 respiratory medications Flashcards
what are three common antiasthmatic drugs that are used for people with asthma and COPD***
Bronchodilators
Anti inflammatories
Mucolytics
True true or false
If a person has severe asthma they may be on several of these classifications antiasthmatic drugs***
TRUE
what is the neurotransmitters used in the Parasympathetic nervous system***
Acetylcholine ONLY
what is the neurotransmitters used in the the sympathetic nervous system***
acetylcholine and Norepinephrine
what do beta 1 receptors control
controls the heart
what do beta 2 receptors control
lungs and uterus (think 2 for 2 lungs)
what do alpha 1 receptors control
Pupils
peripheral vasoconstriction
pee (controls bladder)
(think about it as the three p’s)
WHat are muscarinic receptors***
they are the first receptor in the Parasympathetic Nervous system
what are the three main action mechanism of bronchodilators ***
- Stimulate Beta 2 receptors resulting in bronchodilation
- inhibit release of bronchoconstriction substances from mast cells
- Increase mucociliary transport
what are the 3 different durations of action of bronchodilators ***
- Short acting (SABA)
- Intermediate
- Long acting (LABA)
Do bronchodilators treat inflammation? ***
no they only induce vasodilation they do not treat inflammation
what kind of asthma attack are SABA’s used for and how long is there onset***
used for acute attacks immediate onset of action and last for 2-6 hours
what kind of asthma treatment are intermediate bronchodilators used for and how long is there onset***
used as a maintenance drug and have a slow onset and last about 8 hours
what kind of asthma treatment are LABA’s used for and how long is there onset***
used as a maintenance drug have a slow onset and last up to 12 hours
What is an example of a SABA with its trade and generic name
Salbutamol trade name Ventolin
what is an example of a LABA with it’s trade and generic name
Salmeterol trade name Serevent
what are 4 serious adverse effects of bronchodilators **
Tachycardia
Bronchospasm’s
tremors
chest pain
what are 4 drug interactions to be aware of for bronchodilators ***
- Beta blockers
- MAOI’s
- Thyroid Hormone
- Caffeine
What pregnancy category are bronchodilators **
Category C
how do anticholinergic medications induce bronchodilation
block action of acetylcholine at vagus nerve mediated site which relaxes the smooth muscles
What do anticholinergics do to the GI tract ***
since they inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system it slows down the gi tract and can lead to an obstruction or impaction which can be very dangerous
what is a short acting anticholinergic with its generic and trade name
ipratropium bromide trade name atrovent
what is a long acting anticholinergic with its generic and trade name
tiotropium bromide trade name spiriva
what are 5 contraindications of anticholinergics***
- hypersensitivity to ipratropium, soya lecithin soy beans or peanuts
- Narrow angle glaucoma
- BPH
- Urinary tract obstruction\
- Renal disorders
