JUMA MALARIA ONLY

Question 1

MOA of Artemether-Lumefantrine

Answer 1

Artemether-lumefantrine kills malaria parasites through two complementary mechanisms:

Artemether generates toxic free radicals via interaction with heme iron, causing oxidative damage to parasite proteins and membranes.

Lumefantrine inhibits the parasite’s ability to detoxify free heme, leading to its accumulation and subsequent parasite death

Question 2

MOA of Artesunate

Answer 2

Artesunate interacts with the heme iron within the parasite resulting in the production of toxic free radicals/ Reactive oxygen species that cause oxidative stress –> parasite death

Question 3

MOA of chloroquine and quinine

Answer 3

Both inhibit heme polymerase thereby preventing the detoxification of heme into non-toxic hemozoin –> accumulation of toxic heme and parasite death