Judgement and decision making Flashcards
Definition of judgement
A set of evaluative and inferential processes that people can draw on to make decisions
Definition of decision making
The consequences of the judgment
What is the gamblers fallacy?
Last 3 coins were heads therefore next is tails
What is the “hot hand phenomenon”?
Believe that a successful shot will lead to another successful shot.
Is there any evidence in favour of the hot hand phenomenon?
Gilovich 1985 - No evidence, it is the gamblers fallacy
How does prior knowledge affect judgement?
It bias’ the judgement
Plessner 1999 - Does performance order bias the scores?
Yes - GYmnastics videotaped judgement
Plessner & Betsch 2001 - Do prior decisions affect current decisions? In what way?
Yes. Referees are more likely to attempt to balance their judgements between the teams.
Are judges influenced by team reputation?
Yes - Jones et al 2002
Does a home advantage exist?
Yes but it depends on the sport
In what type of sports is a home advantage in judgement decisions evident?
Subjectively scored sports eg gymnastics, diving
How does crowd noise affect decision making? Nevill 2002
Used as a cue by judges - awarded fewer fouls where crowd made noise
Does colour worn make a difference to judgement? Hagemann 2008
Yes - red scored higher
Possible explanation: the colour red is sexually selected and signals dominance and aggression
Loftus & Palmer 1974 - How does priming alter memory?
Certain words trigger memories that may or may not have happened.
Langer 1975 - Does body language influence behaviour?
It can - people bet more against opponents who appeared nervous even though the odds of winning did not change.
Greenlees 2005, Table tennis - How did body language affect confidence?
Lowered confidence against opponents displaying positive body language
What is the primacy effect?
The order of information presented to judges. Favourable description leads to positive impressions.
Greenlees 2007 - Does a declining or ascending performance pattern lead to a more positive judgement? What does this demonstrate?
Declining performance pattern.
The primacy effect
What is counterfactual thinking?
The psychology of if only.
Upwards - How things could have gone better
Downwards - How things could have been worse
What is a self-serving bias?
Similar to attribution theory - the tendency of attributing success to internal factors and failure to external factors
What is a team-serving bias?
Attribution of team success to factors within the team and team failure to external factors.
What is an intra-team bias?
Tendency to claim more personal responsibility for team success and less personal responsibility for team failure.
