Audience effects Flashcards
What is the difference between a group and team?
o Structure
o Cohesiveness
o Social identity
o Common goals
What is the difference between interdependent and co-active sports?
Co active sports involve working in a team but acting individually eg rowin
What is Steiner’s 1972 framework of group effectiveness?
Actual productivity = potential productivity - process losses
What causes process losses?
Poor communication or coordination
What is the Optimal group size?
The least number of people required to carry out activities.
What % above or below optimal size leads to negative consequences?
25%
What is the Ringelmann Effect?
Members of a group become less productive individually as the size of the group increases
What is social loafing?
Motivational losses that occur when group members rely more heavily on other group members and fail to pull their weight.
Describe Social Impact Theory.
As group size increases the social pressure on an individual decreases. Individual contributions are disguised by the overall effort of the group.
How does low cohesion impact a group?
Increases social loafing
Why is social loafing difficult to measure?
Is often self-report which is unreliable. Will work harder when they know theyre being evaluated
If a narcissistic participants knows they’re not being evaluated how is effort affected?
They will put in less effort
How does audience presence affect performance?
Enhances performance through social facilitation
Does audience presence always improve performance?
No, it depends on the complexity of the task. SImple tasks = improved performance, complex tasks = increased anxiety
What is the home advantage?
Finding that the home team wins over 50% of home games.
How does interdependency of sport affect home advantage?
The more interdependent the sport the greater the advantage
Are individual sports affected by home advantage?
Yes when they are subjectively scored.
What location factors affect home advantage?
Crowd
familiarity
travel
rules
Is there still a home advantage where there is no audience?
Yes - possibly due to familiarity and travel
How does time zone affect home advantage?
Increases by 20% for every time zone crossed.
How does crowd noise interact with home advantage?
Puts pressure on referees to make favourable decisions
Describe the territorial model of home advantage
Home advantage is a manifestation of protective responses to territory influenced by testosterone and aggression.
Is there such thing as a home disadvantage?
- Choking under pressure
- pressure effects on attentional focus leads to poor performance
- is a loss is imminent there is a home disadvantage effect
