Journal Club 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is cross-modal object recognition?

A

Ability to use information acquired with one particular sensory system to recognize object with another one

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1
Q

What is the first condition for cross modal object recognition

A

The information provided by the two sense has to match in content

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2
Q

What is another way of saying “the information provided by the two sense has to match in content”

A

Both sense hae to provide information about the same characteristic object property such as shape, surface, structure

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3
Q

What is the second condition for cross modal object recognition

A

The sensory inputs have to be encoded in a way that allows temporally disjointed information from two senses to be identified as identical, despite these senses relying on different physical stimuli

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4
Q

What is the third condition for cross modal object recognition

A

Characteristic object features have to be stored in a neuronal representation that is accessible by multiple senses

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5
Q

Before this paper, what type of animals had cross modal recognition been found in

A

Vertebrates: mammals and fish

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6
Q

Which animals have vision/touch transfer

A

humans, chimpanzees, orangutans, monkeys, and rats

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7
Q

Which animals have been shown to have non vision/touch transfer

A

Elephantnose fish and bottlenose dolphin

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8
Q

What type of transfer does the elephantnose fish have

A

Vision/electric sense

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9
Q

What type of transfer does the dolphin have

A

Vision/echolocation

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10
Q

What was the first thing they did in this experiment?

A

Trained bees to discriminate between sphere and cube, either using vision only or touch only

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11
Q

What happened with the bees in the first step

A

Bees learnt through experience whether sphere or cube contained the reward (sucrose solution). THey learnt to associate one of the shapes with the reward

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12
Q

What was the second step of this experiment

A

Bees were tested on a choice between sphere and cube, either in the same modality or in the other modality only

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13
Q

What happened in the testing phase

A

Regocnition of the correct object shape (the previously rewarding one) was measured as the proportion of time the bees spent in contact with the objects of that shape

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14
Q

What happened if the amount of time the bees spent in contact with the object of the correct shape was above chance level

A

They concluded that they recognized the object

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15
Q

What was the % of the time that the bees had to spend with the correct object for it to be above the chance level

A

50%

16
Q

What was the final outcome of the paper

A

THe bees were above chance level, as they spent longer with the previously rewarding object than with the non-rewarding one in all four conditions

17
Q

What was the control condition

A

Training with vision only or touch only; testing with neither vision nor touch

18
Q

What was the the expected outcome

A

Bees shouldnt be able to recognize previously rewarding object when neither visual nor tactile info was available during tested. They expected them to perform at a chance level.

19
Q

What were the conclusions of this experiment

A

bees can recognize object by vision alone, even if they have only touched them in the dark and can recognize objects by touch alone, even if they have only seen the object.

20
Q

What do the conclusions of this experiment mean

A

bees are able to perform cross-modal object recognition

21
Q

What four bullet points summarize the conclusion

A

Bees perform multisensory integration between visual and tactile domains
Their brain may form abstract representations of objects
Such mental imagery may be a building block of consciousness
Worth bearing in mind: bees have 1 million nerve cells; humans have 80 billion