Journal Club 1

Question 1

What is cross-modal object recognition?

Answer 1

Ability to use information acquired with one particular sensory system to recognize object with another one

Question 1

What is the first condition for cross modal object recognition

Answer 1

The information provided by the two sense has to match in content

Question 2

What is another way of saying “the information provided by the two sense has to match in content”

Answer 2

Both sense hae to provide information about the same characteristic object property such as shape, surface, structure

Question 3

What is the second condition for cross modal object recognition

Answer 3

The sensory inputs have to be encoded in a way that allows temporally disjointed information from two senses to be identified as identical, despite these senses relying on different physical stimuli

Question 4

What is the third condition for cross modal object recognition

Answer 4

Characteristic object features have to be stored in a neuronal representation that is accessible by multiple senses

Question 5

Before this paper, what type of animals had cross modal recognition been found in

Answer 5

Vertebrates: mammals and fish

Question 6

Which animals have vision/touch transfer

Answer 6

humans, chimpanzees, orangutans, monkeys, and rats

Question 7

Which animals have been shown to have non vision/touch transfer

Answer 7

Elephantnose fish and bottlenose dolphin

Question 8

What type of transfer does the elephantnose fish have

Answer 8

Vision/electric sense

Question 9

What type of transfer does the dolphin have

Answer 9

Vision/echolocation

Question 10

What was the first thing they did in this experiment?

Answer 10

Trained bees to discriminate between sphere and cube, either using vision only or touch only

Question 11

What happened with the bees in the first step

Answer 11

Bees learnt through experience whether sphere or cube contained the reward (sucrose solution). THey learnt to associate one of the shapes with the reward

Question 12

What was the second step of this experiment

Answer 12

Bees were tested on a choice between sphere and cube, either in the same modality or in the other modality only

Question 13

What happened in the testing phase

Answer 13

Regocnition of the correct object shape (the previously rewarding one) was measured as the proportion of time the bees spent in contact with the objects of that shape

Question 14

What happened if the amount of time the bees spent in contact with the object of the correct shape was above chance level

Answer 14

They concluded that they recognized the object

Question 15

What was the % of the time that the bees had to spend with the correct object for it to be above the chance level

Answer 15

50%

Question 16

What was the final outcome of the paper

Answer 16

THe bees were above chance level, as they spent longer with the previously rewarding object than with the non-rewarding one in all four conditions

Question 17

What was the control condition

Answer 17

Training with vision only or touch only; testing with neither vision nor touch

Question 18

What was the the expected outcome

Answer 18

Bees shouldnt be able to recognize previously rewarding object when neither visual nor tactile info was available during tested. They expected them to perform at a chance level.

Question 19

What were the conclusions of this experiment

Answer 19

bees can recognize object by vision alone, even if they have only touched them in the dark and can recognize objects by touch alone, even if they have only seen the object.

Question 20

What do the conclusions of this experiment mean

Answer 20

bees are able to perform cross-modal object recognition

Question 21

What four bullet points summarize the conclusion

Answer 21

Bees perform multisensory integration between visual and tactile domains
Their brain may form abstract representations of objects
Such mental imagery may be a building block of consciousness
Worth bearing in mind: bees have 1 million nerve cells; humans have 80 billion