JC 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is culture?

A

Group-typical behaviour patterns, shared by members of animal communities, that are to some degree reliant on socially learnt information

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2
Q

Describe the use of leaf-sponging across chimps

A

All known chimp communities use leaf sponges

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3
Q

What are some variations in how leaf sponges are used

A

At some sites, chimps use leaf sponges to drink from streams.

In others, they only use them for out of reach water

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4
Q

What are the two possibilities for lead sponging?

A

Each individual independently invented the behavior

One individual invented the behavior, whoever observed them learned it from them in a cycle

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5
Q

What was the prediction for explanation 1?

A

behavior should pop up in random places in the network

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6
Q

What was the prediction for explanation 2?

A

behavior should be more likely to appear in an individual that observed another doing the behavior, than elsewhere in the network

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7
Q

How did the behavior spread in this paper

A

Spread from NB to KW was not through direct observation of NB by KW, but by KW picking up NB’s discarded moss sponge

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8
Q

What does this tell us about social learning?

A

can occur through encountering the products of others’ activities

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9
Q

What was the follow up study?

A
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10
Q

What did they test in the moss sponge study

A

Absorbency of moss and lead sponges

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11
Q

What was the natural context of the follow up

A

Moss: 13.1ml per dip
Leaf: 8.4ml per dip

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12
Q

What was the experimental context of the follow up

A

Moss: 26.3ml per dip
Leaf: 9.5ml per dip

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13
Q

What was the result of the follow up

A

Yes, moss sponges are more efficient

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14
Q

What was the key breakthrough of this study

A

direct demonstration that skills, e.g. tool use, are socially learnt in wild chimpanzees

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15
Q

What argument does the results of this study strengthen

A

regional variation in wild chimpanzee behavior represents cultural variation

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16
Q

What does this study show about chimp cultures

A

not static: they change over time, as new traditions are gained (and are possibly lost)