Joints Synovial fluid & cartilage

Question 1

types of joints

Answer 1

Fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

Question 2

fibrous joints

Answer 2

cranial sutures
periodontal ligament
interosseus membranes

Question 3

Primary cartilaginous joint

Answer 3

only hyaline- synchondrosis

Question 4

secondary cartilaginous joint

Answer 4

hyaline & fibrocartilage- symphysis

Question 5

synovial joints

Answer 5

synovial cavity
articular cartilage
fibrous capsule
synovial membrane

Question 6

types of synovial joints

Answer 6

plane
hinge
pivot
condylar
saddle
ball and socket

Question 7

Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage)

Answer 7

Superficial layer: flattened chondrocytes that produce collagen& glycoprotein
transitional layer
round chondrocytes that produce proteoglycans
75% water (water incompressible)

Question 8

cartilage

Answer 8

avascular
aneural
alymphatic
synovial fluid produced by synovial membrane

Question 9

synovium

Answer 9

synoviocytes producing fluid
rich capillary network
no epithelial
direct exchange of oxygen Co2 etc

Question 10

synoviocytes

Answer 10

TypeA
looks like macrophages
remove debris
contribute to synovial fluid production
Type B
Fibroblast like
main producer of synovial fluid

Question 11

synovial fluid

Answer 11

hyaluronic acid & lubricin
fluid component
rapid turnover
knee join only 0.5ml small volume
function lubrication

Question 12

lubrication

Answer 12

boundary- glycoproteins eg lubricin bind recptors on articular surfaces to form a thin film
hydrodynamic
-surfaces kept apart by liquid pressure
-viscosity changes with load and velocity of movement
Weeping
fluid that is present in cartilage is squeezed out into synovial cavity to incrase fluid volume

Question 13

bursae

Answer 13

synovial membrane
fluid filled
reduce friction

Question 14

Viscosity of synovial fluid increases

Answer 14

slower joint movements
reduced lubrication
water content of cartilage decreases- reduced shock absorption

Question 15

osteoarthritis

Answer 15

bone spur

narrowed disc