foot and hand conditions Flashcards
dupuytren’s contracture
nodular hypertrohpy of palmar fascia common in ring and little fingers causes- familial (viking gene) risk factors phenytoin treatment
functional problems of dupuytren
loss of finger extension
PCPJ contracture
treatment
partial fascietomy dermofascietomy arthrodesis amputation percutaneous needle fasciotomy collagenase
garrod’s pads
acquired- repetitive trauma
associated with other conditions
ganglia
myxoid degeneration from joint synovia
-firm non tender, changes in size, normally not fixed to underlying tissues
ganglion
mucin-filled cyst
attached to synovial cavity
no synovial lining
most common on dorsum
stenosing tenosynovitis (trigger finger)
asssociated with carpal tunnel
De Quervain’s tenosynovitis
De Quervain’s syndrome
increased in post partum
several weeks pain localised to radial side of wrist
Finkelstein’s test
test used to diagnose de Quervain’s tenosynovitis in people who have wrist pain. Classical descriptions of the Finkelstein’s test are when the examiner grasps the thumb and ulnar deviates the hand sharply.
carpal tunnel syndrome
numbness tingling pain night pain clumsiness PRAGMATIC
anatomical snuffbox
space bordered by
abductor pollicis longus
and extensor pollicis brevis longus anteriorly
extersor pollicis longus posteriorly
scaphoid fracture
most cmmon fractured bone in carpus
most;y at waist of scaphoid
Osteoarthritis of base of thumb
trapezietomy treatment
gold standard
ulnar collateral ligament injury of thumb MCPJ
gamekeepers thumb
skiers thumb
bennett’s fracture
intraarticular fracture at base of 1st metacarpal
displacement due to proximal pull from abductor pollicis longus
high ulnar nerve lesion
claw hand
ulnar nerve palsy
nerve supplies medial two lumbricals- flex MCPJ
palsy leads to hyperextension of two ulnar fingers
level of ulnar lesion
wrist- severe clawing, dorsoulnar sensation spared elbow dorsoulnar sensation spared clawing moderate
ulnar nerve paradox
one would normally expect a more proximal injury to cause greater deformity
osteoarthritis
distal interphalangeal joints
carpal metacarpal joints
x ray changes of osteoarthritis
narrowing joint space
subchondral sclerosis
subchondral cyst
osteophyteme formation
hallux valgus
painful bunions
metatarsalgia
over riding toes
primary deformity in metatarsal
hallux rigidus
callosity formation
metatarsalgia
callosity formation
high arches- pes cavus
metatarsalgia
clawed toes
familial bilateral
associated with neurological disorders
diabetic foot
peripheral vascular disease
neuropathy
osteoporosis
infection
neuropathic arthritis
charcot’s disease
calcaneal fracture
fall from height
associated with hip pelvic and spinal injuries
lisfranc joint
tarso-metatarsal joint
common site for fracture in the foot
5th metatarsal
hand conditions
Dupuytren’s Contracture Garrods pads Ganglion formation Trigger Finger Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Scaphoid Fracture MCL injury of thumb Bennet’s fracture Fight Bites Boxer’s fracture Ulnar nerve palsy Osteoarthritis
foot and ankle conditions
Hallux valgus Hallux rigidus Metatarsalgia High Arch / Flat feet Claw toes / Hammer toes Diabetic Foot Calcaneal fracture Lisfranc fracture Base of 5th MT #
