Joints Flashcards
What is a joint?
A location at which bones connect this can be between 2 or more bones
What is the purpose of joints?
To allow movement
What are the three types of joints?
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
What is a Fibrous joint? (Give example)
Immovable and interlocking bone joined by fibrous tissue that is rich in collagen fibres
Cranium
What is a Cartilaginous joint? (Give example)
Joints that are slightly moveable, and the bones are joined by cartilage
The Manubriosternal joint
What is a Synovial joint (give example)
Freely moveable, most common joint in the body
Patella-femoral
What is the Synovial joint structure?
Bony surfaces covered with Articular Cartilage and connected by ligaments lined by synovial membrane
The joint may be divided completely or incompletely by an articular disk or meniscus
What are the two layers of the articular capsule?
- Outer fibrous membrane (May contain ligaments)
2. Inner synovial membrane that secretes the lubricating, shock-absorbing and joint nourishing synovial fluid
What is the Synovial Joint covered by?
A layer of Hyaline Cartilage that lines the epiphyses of joints ends of bones with a smooth, slippery surface
What is the function of Articular cartilage?
To absorb shock and reduce friction during movement
Name the 6 types of Synovial joints
Gliding/plane joints Hinge joints Pivot joints Ball and socket joints Saddle joints Condyloid/Ellipsoid joints
Name examples of Gliding/Plane joints
Acromioclavical Carpal Tarsal Intervertebral (Wrist)
Name example of Hinge joints
Patellofemoral (patella and femur)
Tibiofemoral (tibia and femur)
Name example of Pivot Joint
Atlanto-axial (C1-C2) (Neck)
Name examples of Condyloid/Ellipsoid joint
Metacarpophalangeal (knuckles)
Hand
Name example of Saddle joint
Carpometacarpal (thumb)
Name example of Ball and socket joint
Acetabulofemoral (Hip)
Glenohumeral (shoulder)
What are the 4 main characteristics of Synovial Joint?
- Ends of bones are covered with Hyaline Cartilage
- Surrounded by a Fibrous Capsule
- Capsule lined by a Synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid for lubrication
- Enclosed by ligaments for stability
Explain the movement Extension
Movement where the angle between two bones increases
Explain the movement Flexion
Movement where the angle between two bones decreases
Explain the movement Pronation
Movement so the palm of the hands faces downward or backward (posteriorly)
Explain the movement Supination
Movement so the palm of the hand faces upward or forward (anteriorly)
Explain the movement Abduction
Movement of a body segment away from the midline of the body
Explain the movement Adduction
Movement of a body segment toward the midline of the body
Explain the movement Dorsiflexion
Moving the top of the foot toward the skin or “raising” the toes
Explain the movement Plantarflexion
Moving the top of the foot away from the shin or “pointing” the toes
Explain the movement Lateral Rotation
The movement of a body segment where the front (anterior) of the segment rotates laterally (outwards) away from the the midline of the body
Explain the movement Medial Rotation
The movement of the body segment where the front (anterior) of the segment rotates medially (inwards) towards the midline of the body
