Joints

Question 1

What is a joint?

Answer 1

A location at which bones connect this can be between 2 or more bones

Question 2

What is the purpose of joints?

Answer 2

To allow movement

Question 3

What are the three types of joints?

Answer 3

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

Question 4

What is a Fibrous joint? (Give example)

Answer 4

Immovable and interlocking bone joined by fibrous tissue that is rich in collagen fibres

Cranium

Question 5

What is a Cartilaginous joint? (Give example)

Answer 5

Joints that are slightly moveable, and the bones are joined by cartilage

The Manubriosternal joint

Question 6

What is a Synovial joint (give example)

Answer 6

Freely moveable, most common joint in the body

Patella-femoral

Question 7

What is the Synovial joint structure?

Answer 7

Bony surfaces covered with Articular Cartilage and connected by ligaments lined by synovial membrane

The joint may be divided completely or incompletely by an articular disk or meniscus

Question 8

What are the two layers of the articular capsule?

Answer 8

1. Outer fibrous membrane (May contain ligaments)

2. Inner synovial membrane that secretes the lubricating, shock-absorbing and joint nourishing synovial fluid

Question 9

What is the Synovial Joint covered by?

Answer 9

A layer of Hyaline Cartilage that lines the epiphyses of joints ends of bones with a smooth, slippery surface

Question 10

What is the function of Articular cartilage?

Answer 10

To absorb shock and reduce friction during movement

Question 11

Name the 6 types of Synovial joints

Answer 11

Gliding/plane joints
Hinge joints
Pivot joints
Ball and socket joints
Saddle joints
Condyloid/Ellipsoid joints

Question 12

Name examples of Gliding/Plane joints

Answer 12

Acromioclavical 
Carpal
Tarsal
Intervertebral
(Wrist)

Question 13

Name example of Hinge joints

Answer 13

Patellofemoral (patella and femur)

Tibiofemoral (tibia and femur)

Question 14

Name example of Pivot Joint

Answer 14

Atlanto-axial (C1-C2) (Neck)

Question 15

Name examples of Condyloid/Ellipsoid joint

Answer 15

Metacarpophalangeal (knuckles)

Hand

Question 16

Name example of Saddle joint

Answer 16

Carpometacarpal (thumb)

Question 17

Name example of Ball and socket joint

Answer 17

Acetabulofemoral (Hip)

Glenohumeral (shoulder)

Question 18

What are the 4 main characteristics of Synovial Joint?

Answer 18

1. Ends of bones are covered with Hyaline Cartilage
2. Surrounded by a Fibrous Capsule
3. Capsule lined by a Synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid for lubrication
4. Enclosed by ligaments for stability

Question 19

Explain the movement Extension

Answer 19

Movement where the angle between two bones increases

Question 20

Explain the movement Flexion

Answer 20

Movement where the angle between two bones decreases

Question 21

Explain the movement Pronation

Answer 21

Movement so the palm of the hands faces downward or backward (posteriorly)

Question 22

Explain the movement Supination

Answer 22

Movement so the palm of the hand faces upward or forward (anteriorly)

Question 23

Explain the movement Abduction

Answer 23

Movement of a body segment away from the midline of the body

Question 24

Explain the movement Adduction

Answer 24

Movement of a body segment toward the midline of the body

Question 25

Explain the movement Dorsiflexion

Answer 25

Moving the top of the foot toward the skin or “raising” the toes

Question 26

Explain the movement Plantarflexion

Answer 26

Moving the top of the foot away from the shin or “pointing” the toes

Question 27

Explain the movement Lateral Rotation

Answer 27

The movement of a body segment where the front (anterior) of the segment rotates laterally (outwards) away from the the midline of the body

Question 28

Explain the movement Medial Rotation

Answer 28

The movement of the body segment where the front (anterior) of the segment rotates medially (inwards) towards the midline of the body