Joints

Question 1

Methods of classification:

Answer 1

Structural: anatomical organization of the joint
Function: range of motion of the joint

Question 2

Structural classification:

Answer 2

Fibrous: bones held together by fibrous CT
Cartilaginous: bones held together by cartilage
Bony: two bones fused by osseous tissue and boundary line dissapears
Synovial: Joint cavity separates bone and its surrounding

Question 3

Functional classification:

Answer 3

Synthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses

Question 4

Synathroses:

Answer 4

Suture: bones bound by dense CT
Gomphosis: tooth sockets
Synchondrosis: bound by cartilaginous bridge (epiphyseal cartilage)
Synostosis: two bones completely fused

Question 5

Amphiarthrosis:

Answer 5

Syndesmosis: bones connected by a ligament
Symphysis: bone connected by fibrocartilage

Question 6

Diarthroses:

Answer 6

Synovial joints

Question 7

Structure of Synovial Joint:

Answer 7

Joint capsule
Articular cartilages
Synovial membrane
Synovial fluid

Question 8

Joint capsule:

Answer 8

dense irregular CT attach to periosteum

Question 9

Articular Cartilage:

Answer 9

pad on articulating surfaces to prevent bones from touching

Question 10

Synovial membrane:

Answer 10

Fibroblasts of the membrane secrete synovial fluid

Question 11

Synovial Fluid:

Answer 11

slippery proteoglycans
lubrication
nutrient distribution
shock absorption

Question 12

Meniscus:

Answer 12

fibriocatilage pad

Question 13

Fat pads:

Answer 13

Superficial to capsule

protects articular cartilage

Question 14

Bursae:

Answer 14

sack filled with synovial fluid to cushion area where tendons and ligaments rub

Question 15

Extracapsular ligaments:

Answer 15

ligaments outside the fibrous capsule

Question 16

Intracapsular ligaments

Answer 16

Ligaments in the capsule but not the cavity

Question 17

Dislocation:

Answer 17

articulating surfaces forced out of position

damages articular cartilage, ligaments, and joint capsule

Question 18

Subluxation:

Answer 18

partial dislocation

Question 19

Gliding:

Answer 19

two surfaces move part one another

Question 20

Flexion:

Answer 20

decreases angle between articulating bones

Question 21

Extension:

Answer 21

increases angle between articulating bones

Question 22

Hyperextension:

Answer 22

extension past anatomical position

Question 23

Abduction:

Answer 23

movement away from longitudinal axis

Question 24

Adduction:

Answer 24

movement towards longitudinal axis

Question 25

Circumduction:

Answer 25

a complete circular movement without rotation

Question 26

Medial rotaion:

Answer 26

internal rotation toward long axis

Question 27

Lateral rotation:

Answer 27

external rotation away from long axis

Question 28

Pronation:

Answer 28

palm is facing posteriorly

Question 29

Supination:

Answer 29

Palm anteriorly

Question 30

Movement in the foot:

Answer 30

inversion and eversion | plantar flexion and dorsiflexion

Question 31

Movement of the thumb:

Answer 31

Opposition and position

Question 32

Protraction:

Answer 32

anterior movement

Question 33

retraction:

Answer 33

posterior movement

Question 34

Elevation:

Answer 34

Superior movement

Question 35

Depression

Answer 35

Inferior movement

Question 36

Gliding Joints:

Answer 36

movement in a single plane | Clavicularsternal

Question 37

Hinge Joints:

Answer 37

permits angular motion in a single plane | Elbow, knee, ankle, interphalange

Question 38

Pivot joint:

Answer 38

permits rotation | Atlas/axis

Question 39

Ellipsoid joint:

Answer 39

Pit one bone into an oval depression of another | radialcarpal

Question 40

Saddle joint:

Answer 40

One bone is concave and the other is convex | thumb metacarpal to carpal

Question 41

Ball and socket joint:

Answer 41

permits rotation and other movements | shoulder and hip