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Anatomy And Physiology 1 > Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Four types of tissue

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

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2
Q

What does epithelium cover?

A

Exposed surfaces
Lines internal passageways
Glands

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3
Q

Functions of Epithelial:

A

Provide physical protection
control permeability
perform sensory function
produce specialized secretions

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4
Q

Characteristics of Epithelial:

A 
Polarity: -apical, -basolateral
Cellularity: cells bound closely together by cell junctions
Attachment: basement membrane
Avascular
Regeneration: high mitosis
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5
Q

Polarity of Epithelial:

A

Apical: microvilli increase absorption, Cilia move fluid
Basolateral: (basement membrane)
-Clear layer: thin, secreted by epithelia, barrier to proteins
-Dense layer: thick fibers, produced by connective tissue, strengthen and filtration

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6
Q

Intercellular connections:

A

Cell Adhesion Molecules: interconnection by trans-membrane proteins
Cell Junctions: specialized area of the plasma membrane that forms bonds between cells of attach cells to extracellular materials

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7
Q

Types of cell junctions:

A

Gap junctions
Tight junctions
Desmosomes

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8
Q

Gap Junctions:

A 
Held together by channel proteins
Allow rapid communication
Allows ions to pass
Coordinate functions of epithelia
Coordinate contractions in heart muscles
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9
Q

Tight Junctions

A

Lipids of two plasma membranes bound together by web-like strands transmembrane proteins
Forms adhesion belt attaches to the micofilaments of the terminal web
Prevents passage of water and solutes
Isolates waste in the lumen

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10
Q

Desmosomes

A

Transmembrane proteins of one cell attach dense areas of the other cell (connected to the intermediate filaments of cytoskeleton)
Spot: ties cells together, allow bending and twisting
Hemidesmosomes: attach cells to extracellular structures

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11
Q

Classification of Epithelial:

A 
Simple: 1 Layer
Stratified: multiple layers
Squamous: flat
Cuboidal: cube
Columnar: long
* shape determined by top layer
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12
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelial:

A

Site of exchange
Absorption and diffusion take place here
Lines body cavities-mesothelium
blood vessels, lymph vessels, alveoli- endothelium

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13
Q

Stratified Squamous epithelial

A

Protection against external environment
Covering skin surface, linings at have contact with external environment
Keratin proteins add strength and water resistance

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14
Q

Stratified Columnar Epithelial:

A

Protection

pharynx, epiglottis, anus, mammary glands, salivary gland ducts, urethra

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15
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelial:

A

Protection
Secretion
Absorption
Glands, kidney tubules, thyroid gland

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16
Q

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelial:

A 
Rare
Protection
Secretion
Absorption
Lining of some ducts
17
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelial:

A

Protection
Absorption: microvilli
Secretion: goblet cells
Lining of stomach, intestines, gallbladder, uterine tubes, collecting ducts of kidneys

18
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelia:

A

Typically have cilia
Protection
Secretion
lining of nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi, male reproductive tract

19
Q

Endocrine Glands

A

Release hormones into bloodstream

Does not contain ducts

20
Q

Exocrine Glands

A

Produces secretions that discharge onto epithelial surfaces through ducts

21
Q

Unicellular Gland

A

Individual secretory cells

Goblet cells: secretion of mucous scattered among other epithelial cells

22
Q

Multicellular Gland

A 
Classified by structure
Simple:undivided
Compound: divided
Tubular: tube shaped
Alveolar: pockets
Branched
23
Q

Simple tubular

A

intestine glands

24
Q

Simple coiled tubular

A

merocrine sweat glands

25
Q

Simple branched tubular

A

Gastric glands

Mucous glands

26
Q

Simple Alveolar

A

Not in adults, a stage in developement

27
Q

Simple branched alveolar

A

Sebaceous gland

28
Q

Compound tubular

A

Mucous glands in mouth
Bulbourethal glands in male reproductive system
Testes

29
Q

Compound alveolar

A

mammary glands

30
Q

compound tubuloalverolar

A

Salivary glands
glands of respiratory passages
pancreas

31
Q

Merocrine Glands

A

Released by secretory vesicles

merocrine sweat glands, salivary glands

32
Q

Apocrine glands

A

involves the loss of both product and cytoplasm

mammary glands

33
Q

Holocrine glands

A

Released by cells bursting, killing gland cells. Replaced by stem cells
Sebaceous glands

34
Q

Types of glandular secretions:

A

Serous: watery solution containing enzymes
Mucous: mucin
Mixed: more than one type of secretion

Anatomy And Physiology 1 (8 decks)

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