Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy And Physiology 1 > Cellular Level > Flashcards

Cellular Level Flashcards

1
Q

Sex cells

A

Germ cells or reproductive cells
23 chromosomes
Divide by miosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Somatic cells

A

Body cells
46 chromosomes
Divide by mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cytology

A

Study of the structure and functions of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tonicity

A

Ability of extra cellular solution to make water move in or out of a cell by osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Isotonic

A

No net gain or loss of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

Opposes osmotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

Force of water movement into a solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of a solvent across a semipermeable membrane toward a higher concentration of solute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Selective permeability restrictions

A

Size
Electrical charge
Molecular shape
Lipid solubility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Genetic code

A

Chemical language of DNA instructions

3 bases= 1 amino acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gene

A

DNA instructions for 1 protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chromosomes

A

Tightly coiled DNA

Cells dividing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chromatin

A

Loosely coiled DNA

Cells not dividing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nuclear Matrix

A

Support filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

Fluid in nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Nucleus

A

Largest organelle
Cells control center
Nuclear envelope- double membrane
Communicates with cytoplasm through nuclear pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Proteasomes

A

Disassemble damages proteins for recycling

Contains enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fixed ribosomes

A

Attached the ER

Make proteins for secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Free ribosomes

A

Make proteins for the cell

In cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ribosomes

A

Protein synthesis-translation
Composed of a large and small ribosomal subunit
contains rRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Centrioles

A

Directs movement of chromosomes during cell division
Organize the cytoskeleton
Centrosomes is cytoplasm around centriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cilia

A

Small hair like extensions

Move fluids over the cell surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Microvilli

A

Extensions of the plasma membrane containing microfilaments
Increase surface area for absorption
Attach to cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Microtubules
Large hollow tubes Attach to centrosome Strengthen the cell Change cell shape
26
Intermediate filament
In between microfilament and microtubules Strengthen the cell and maintain shape Stabilize organelles
27
Microfilaments
Thin filaments Provide additional mechanical strength Interact with proteins for consistency Pair with thick filaments of myosin for muscle movement
28
Cytoskeleton
Provides strength and flexibility to the cell
29
Peroxisomes
Vesicles containing degradative enzymes Catabolism fats and organic compounds Produce and detoxify hydrogen peroxide Detox various toxic substances that enter the blood
30
Lysosomes
Membrane enclosed vesicles that’s form in the Golgi apparatus and contain digestive enzymes •primary lysosome: formed by golgi and inactive •secondary lysosome: fused with damaged organelle, digestive enzymes activated, and toxic chemicals isolated Responsible for autolysis
31
Aerobic metabolism
Cell respiration Mitochondrial energy production Uses oxygen to break down glucose and produce atp Glucose + O + ADP —> CO2 + H2O + ATP
32
Mitochondria
Smooth outer membrane and inner membrane with multiple folds Takes energy from food Produced 95% of the ATP required by the cell
33
Golgi apparatus
4-6 stacked, flattened membrane sacs Sorta packages and stores proteins from Er Modified and packages secretions Renews and modifies the plasma membrane Packages special enzymes in vesicles for use in cytoplasm
34
Smooth ER
No ribosomes attached | Synthesized lipids and carbohydrates
35
Rough ER
Ribosomes attached Synthesized proteins and glycoproteins Folds peptide protein structures Enclosed products in transport vesicles
36
Cisternae
Storage chambers within the ER
37
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Synthesis of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids Storage of synthesized molecules and materials Transport of materials within ER Detoxificationof drugs and toxins
38
Cell theory
Developed from Robert Hooke’s research Cells are produced by the division of preexisting cells Basic unit of all living things Cells are the smallest unit that perform all vital physiological functions Each cell maintain as homeostasis at the cellular level
39
Membranous organelles
``` Mitochondria ER Golgi Lysosomes Peroxisome ```
40
Nonmembranous organelles
``` Cytoskeleton Microvilli Centrioles Cilia Ribosomes Proteasomes ```
41
Hypotonic
Net gain of water into the cell | Hemolysis
42
Hypertonic
Net water out of the cell | Crenation
43
Lipid bilayer membrane
``` Permeable to: Fatty acids Alcohol Steroids Oxygen CO2 H2O ``` ``` Impermeable to: Proteins Sugars DNA ATP ```
44
Channel-mediated transport
Passive transport through protein channels
45
Carrier-mediated transport
Passive: diffusion Active: needs ATP
46
Cotransport
Movement of two substances in the same direction
47
Countertransport
Movement of a substance into the cell and another out of the cell
48
Active transport
Moved substrates against concentration gradient. Uses ATP Ion pumps
49
Secondary active transport
Cotransport of glucose and sodium ions by a carrier protein. No direct use of ATP
50
Vesicle transport
Large materials move into or out of the cell in membranous vesicles
51
Endocytosis
Into the cell | Receptor mediated, pinocytosis, and phagocytosis
52
Receptor-mediated transport
Receptors binds target molecule | Coated vesicles carries ligands and receptors into the cell
53
Pinocytosis
Movement of liquid into the cell | Cell drinking
54
Phagocytosis
Movement of solids into the cell | Cell eating
55
Exocytosis
Ejection of materials out of the cell
56
Transmembrane potential
Unequal charge across the plasma membrane
57
Mitosis
Nuclear division of somatic cells
58
Meiosis
Produced sex cells
59
Apoptosis
Genetically controlled cell death
60
Mitotic rate
``` The speed in which cells divide Slow: Muscles Neurons Fast: Skin Digestive tract ```
61
Somatic cell life cycle
Interphase: stage between mitotic divisions; longest stage Mitosis:nuclear division Cytokinesis: divides cytoplasm and organelles into two daughter cells
62
Cancer development steps
* abnormal cell * primary tumor * metastasis * secondary tumor
63
Cellular differentiation
Cells specialize of differentiate what they do. | Depends on which genes are active or inactive
64
Osmotic pressure
The pressure that must be placed on a solution to keep pure water from entering it across a semipermeable membrane
65
Osmol
A unit for measuring osmotic pressure. Mole x number of elements

Anatomy And Physiology 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions