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Anatomy And Physiology 1 > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Connective tissue contains:

A

Specialized cells and matrix (extracellular components)

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2
Q

Matrix:

A

Extracellular protein fibers and a ground substance
majority of tissue volume
determines specialized function

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3
Q

Ground Substance

A

Fluid

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4
Q

Functions of Connecting tissue:

A

Establish a structural framework (bone)
Transporting fluids and dissolved materials (blood)
Protecting delicate organs (loose connective tissue)
Supporting surrounding and interconnecting tissues (basal lamina)
Storing energy resources (fat)
Defending the body from microorganisms (lymph)

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5
Q

Types of connecting tissue:

A

Connective tissue proper: connect and protect
Fluid connective tissue: transport
Supporting connective tissues: structural support

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6
Q

Fibroblasts:

A

the most abundant cell type
found in all connective tissue proper
secrete proteins and hyaluronan (cellular cement)

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7
Q

Fibrocytes:

A

Second most abundant
found in all connective tissue proper
maintian the fibers of CTP

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8
Q

Adiopcytes:

A

fats cells, store a single drop of fat

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9
Q

Mesenchymal:

A

stem cells divide in response to injury or infection, differentiate

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10
Q

Melanocytes:

A

Synthesize and store the brown pigment melanin

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11
Q

Macrophages:

A

large amoeba-like cells
eat bacteria and dead/dying cells
fixed-stay
free-migrate

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12
Q

Lymphocytes:

A

Specialized immune cells in lymphatic system

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13
Q

Mast cells:

A

stimulate inflammation after injury or infection

Release histamine and heparin

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14
Q

Microphages:

A

Phagocytic blood cells

respond to signals from macrophages and mast cells

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15
Q

Collagen fibers:

A 
made of the protein collagen
most common fiber in ctp
long, straight, and unbranched
strong and flexible
resists force in 1 direction
tendons and ligaments
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16
Q

Reticular fibers:

A 
made of collagen
network of interwoven fibers
strong and flexible
resists force in many directions
stabilizes functional cells of organs
sheaths around organs
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17
Q

Elastic fibers:

A

protein elastin
capable of being stretched and returning back to original position
branched and wavy
elastic ligaments around vertibrae

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18
Q

Loose CTP:

A

more ground substance, less fiber, packaging material

Areolar, Adipose, and Reticular

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19
Q

Dense CTP

A

More fibers and less ground tissue
tightly packed with a high number of collagen and fibers
Dense regular, Dense irregular, and Elastic tissue

20
Q

Areolar Tissue

A 
least specialized
open framework
viscous ground substance
elastic fibers
holds blood vessels and capillary beds
Under skin
21
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Contains many adipocytes
White fat: stores fat, absorbs shock, and slows heat loss
Brown fat: more vascularized, adipocytes have mitochondria, when stimulated by nervous system fat breaksdown and releases energy
deep in the skin

22
Q

Reticular tissue:

A

provides support
form a complex 3D stroma
support functional cells of organs
found in liver, kidney, spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow

23
Q

Dense regular CTP:

A

Tightly packed, parallel collagen fibers
Tendons: attach muscle to bone
Ligaments: connect one bone to another and stabilize organs
Aponeuroses: tendinous sheets that attach a broad flat muscle to another surface

24
Q

Dense irregular CTP:

A 
interwoven networks of collagen fibers
layered in skin
around cartilages
around bone
form capsules around some organs
25
Q

Elastic tissue:

A

Made of elastic fibers

spinal vertibrae

26
Q

Fluid CT:

A

distinctive collection of cells in a fluid matrix
Blood: formed elements and plasma (red, white, platelets) arteries carry blood away from heart veins carry to the heart. Capillaries allow diffusion into interstitial flui
Lymph: interstitial fluid entering the lymphatic vessels

27
Q

Supporting CT:

A 
support soft tissues and body weight
less diverse cell population
dense ground substance
closely packed fibers
Bone and cartilage
28
Q

Cartilage:

A 
gel type matrix
for shock absorption and protection
Chondrocytes surrounded by lacunae
avascular
Perichondrium: outter for strenght inner for growth and maintenance
29
Q

Hyaline cartilage:

A

translucent matrix, no prominent fibers
tough and somewhat flexible
reduced friction between bones
found in synovial joints, rib tips, sternum, and trachea

30
Q

Elastic cartilage:

A

tightly packed elastic fibers
supportive but bends easily
found in external ear and epiglottis

31
Q

Fibrocartilage:

A

very dense collagen fibers
limits movement
prevents bone to bone
found in knee pad joints, between public bones, and intervertebral discs

32
Q

Interstitial growth:

A

chondrocytes in matrix divide producing additional matrix

33
Q

Appositional growth:

A

Perichondrium undergoes division cartilage grows by adding to its outer surface

34
Q

Bone:

A 
Calcified matrix
for weight support
35% organic
65% inorganic
compact or spongy
35
Q

Osteocyte:

A

maintenance of mineral content

36
Q

Osteoblast:

A

active cell produces fibers/matrix

37
Q

Osteoclast:

A

dissolves fibers/matrix

38
Q

Muscle tissue:

A

muscle contraction
body movement
movement to maintain homeostasis
skeletal, cardiac and smooth

39
Q

Nervous tissue:

A

conducts electrical impulses

neurons: transmit information
neuroglia: support neural tissue, help supply nutrients to neurons

40
Q

Four types of body membranes:

A

Cutaneous
Synovial
Serous
Mucous

41
Q

Mucous membrane:

A 
lines cavities and tubes that communicate with exterior
lamina propria: areolar tissue
inner epithelium varies
highly absorptive and secretoy
reduced friction
42
Q

Serous membrane:

A

lines cavities that do not open to outside, organs that have alot of movement
simple squamous over thin layer of loose ct
parietal and vesceral portion

43
Q

Serous membrane types:

A

Peritoneum
pleura
pericardium

44
Q

Synovial Membrane:

A

lines joints
between two articular bones
secretes synovial fluid
-lubrication, nourish, cotains phagocytic cells
consists of loose ct and fibrous ct
-forms inner lining of joint cavities and filled with thick ground substance

45
Q

Cutaneous Membrane:

A

skin that covers the body

thick, waterproof, and dry

Anatomy And Physiology 1 (8 decks)

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