Connective Tissue

Question 1

Connective tissue contains:

Answer 1

Specialized cells and matrix (extracellular components)

Question 2

Matrix:

Answer 2

Extracellular protein fibers and a ground substance
majority of tissue volume
determines specialized function

Question 3

Ground Substance

Answer 3

Fluid

Question 4

Functions of Connecting tissue:

Answer 4

Establish a structural framework (bone)
Transporting fluids and dissolved materials (blood)
Protecting delicate organs (loose connective tissue)
Supporting surrounding and interconnecting tissues (basal lamina)
Storing energy resources (fat)
Defending the body from microorganisms (lymph)

Question 5

Types of connecting tissue:

Answer 5

Connective tissue proper: connect and protect
Fluid connective tissue: transport
Supporting connective tissues: structural support

Question 6

Fibroblasts:

Answer 6

the most abundant cell type
found in all connective tissue proper
secrete proteins and hyaluronan (cellular cement)

Question 7

Fibrocytes:

Answer 7

Second most abundant
found in all connective tissue proper
maintian the fibers of CTP

Question 8

Adiopcytes:

Answer 8

fats cells, store a single drop of fat

Question 9

Mesenchymal:

Answer 9

stem cells divide in response to injury or infection, differentiate

Question 10

Melanocytes:

Answer 10

Synthesize and store the brown pigment melanin

Question 11

Macrophages:

Answer 11

large amoeba-like cells
eat bacteria and dead/dying cells
fixed-stay
free-migrate

Question 12

Lymphocytes:

Answer 12

Specialized immune cells in lymphatic system

Question 13

Mast cells:

Answer 13

stimulate inflammation after injury or infection

Release histamine and heparin

Question 14

Microphages:

Answer 14

Phagocytic blood cells

respond to signals from macrophages and mast cells

Question 15

Collagen fibers:

Answer 15

made of the protein collagen
most common fiber in ctp
long, straight, and unbranched
strong and flexible
resists force in 1 direction
tendons and ligaments

Question 16

Reticular fibers:

Answer 16

made of collagen
network of interwoven fibers
strong and flexible
resists force in many directions
stabilizes functional cells of organs
sheaths around organs

Question 17

Elastic fibers:

Answer 17

protein elastin
capable of being stretched and returning back to original position
branched and wavy
elastic ligaments around vertibrae

Question 18

Loose CTP:

Answer 18

more ground substance, less fiber, packaging material

Areolar, Adipose, and Reticular

Question 19

Dense CTP

Answer 19

More fibers and less ground tissue
tightly packed with a high number of collagen and fibers
Dense regular, Dense irregular, and Elastic tissue

Question 20

Areolar Tissue

Answer 20

least specialized
open framework
viscous ground substance
elastic fibers
holds blood vessels and capillary beds
Under skin

Question 21

Adipose tissue

Answer 21

Contains many adipocytes
White fat: stores fat, absorbs shock, and slows heat loss
Brown fat: more vascularized, adipocytes have mitochondria, when stimulated by nervous system fat breaksdown and releases energy
deep in the skin

Question 22

Reticular tissue:

Answer 22

provides support
form a complex 3D stroma
support functional cells of organs
found in liver, kidney, spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow

Question 23

Dense regular CTP:

Answer 23

Tightly packed, parallel collagen fibers
Tendons: attach muscle to bone
Ligaments: connect one bone to another and stabilize organs
Aponeuroses: tendinous sheets that attach a broad flat muscle to another surface

Question 24

Dense irregular CTP:

Answer 24

interwoven networks of collagen fibers
layered in skin
around cartilages
around bone
form capsules around some organs

Question 25

Elastic tissue:

Answer 25

Made of elastic fibers | spinal vertibrae

Question 26

Fluid CT:

Answer 26

distinctive collection of cells in a fluid matrix Blood: formed elements and plasma (red, white, platelets) arteries carry blood away from heart veins carry to the heart. Capillaries allow diffusion into interstitial flui Lymph: interstitial fluid entering the lymphatic vessels

Question 27

Supporting CT:

Answer 27

``` support soft tissues and body weight less diverse cell population dense ground substance closely packed fibers Bone and cartilage ```

Question 28

Cartilage:

Answer 28

``` gel type matrix for shock absorption and protection Chondrocytes surrounded by lacunae avascular Perichondrium: outter for strenght inner for growth and maintenance ```

Question 29

Hyaline cartilage:

Answer 29

translucent matrix, no prominent fibers tough and somewhat flexible reduced friction between bones found in synovial joints, rib tips, sternum, and trachea

Question 30

Elastic cartilage:

Answer 30

tightly packed elastic fibers supportive but bends easily found in external ear and epiglottis

Question 31

Fibrocartilage:

Answer 31

very dense collagen fibers limits movement prevents bone to bone found in knee pad joints, between public bones, and intervertebral discs

Question 32

Interstitial growth:

Answer 32

chondrocytes in matrix divide producing additional matrix

Question 33

Appositional growth:

Answer 33

Perichondrium undergoes division cartilage grows by adding to its outer surface

Question 34

Bone:

Answer 34

``` Calcified matrix for weight support 35% organic 65% inorganic compact or spongy ```

Question 35

Osteocyte:

Answer 35

maintenance of mineral content

Question 36

Osteoblast:

Answer 36

active cell produces fibers/matrix

Question 37

Osteoclast:

Answer 37

dissolves fibers/matrix

Question 38

Muscle tissue:

Answer 38

muscle contraction body movement movement to maintain homeostasis skeletal, cardiac and smooth

Question 39

Nervous tissue:

Answer 39

conducts electrical impulses neurons: transmit information neuroglia: support neural tissue, help supply nutrients to neurons

Question 40

Four types of body membranes:

Answer 40

Cutaneous Synovial Serous Mucous

Question 41

Mucous membrane:

Answer 41

``` lines cavities and tubes that communicate with exterior lamina propria: areolar tissue inner epithelium varies highly absorptive and secretoy reduced friction ```

Question 42

Serous membrane:

Answer 42

lines cavities that do not open to outside, organs that have alot of movement simple squamous over thin layer of loose ct parietal and vesceral portion

Question 43

Serous membrane types:

Answer 43

Peritoneum pleura pericardium

Question 44

Synovial Membrane:

Answer 44

lines joints between two articular bones secretes synovial fluid -lubrication, nourish, cotains phagocytic cells consists of loose ct and fibrous ct -forms inner lining of joint cavities and filled with thick ground substance

Question 45

Cutaneous Membrane:

Answer 45

skin that covers the body | thick, waterproof, and dry