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RUSVM Small Animal Surgery 2017 > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Arthropathy

A

any joint disease

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2
Q

Arthrosis

A

“wear and tear” degeneration

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3
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation within a joint

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4
Q

Polyarthritis

A

inflammation in several joints simultaneously

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5
Q

Osteophyte

A

forms at synovial or articular margins

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6
Q

Enthesiophyte

A

forms at tendon/ligament attachment

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7
Q

Joint Mouse

A

mobile fragment within a joint

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8
Q

Joint Capsule

A

the sac that encloses a joint

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9
Q

-rrhaphy

A

“to suture in place”; to close

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10
Q

imbrication

A

surgical tightening

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11
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair or shaping of

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12
Q

arthro

A

joint

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13
Q

rhino

A

nose

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14
Q

trochleo-

A

groovelike area on a bone

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15
Q

Ankylosis

A

spontaneous fusion of joint - end stage of joint disease

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16
Q

Arthrodesis

A

surgical fusion of a joint

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17
Q

Arthrotomy

A

incision into joint

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18
Q

Types of Joints

A

Synovial
Fibrous
Cartilaginous

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19
Q

How do you differentiate between an inflammatory and noninflammatory arthritis?

A

Do a Joint Tap

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20
Q

Infectious Causes of Arthritis?

A 
Bacterial 
Fungal 
Mycoplasmal 
Erosive 
Non-erosive
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21
Q

What is the most common cause of Osteoarthritis in cats?

A

Primary Idiopathic Osteoarthritis

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22
Q

What are the types of secondary osteoarthritis?

A

Developmental

Acquired

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23
Q

What are the radiographic signs of Osteoarthritis?

A 
Osteophytes
Effusion 
Increased joint space 
Decreased joint space
Soft tissue swelling
Subchondral sclerosis
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24
Q

What is the treatment for Osteoarthritis?

A

NSAIDs

salvage procedures: Joint replacement/arthroplasty, arthrodesis, amputation

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25
How do you treat septic osteoarthritis?
open up the joint and flush it out completely and debride it
26
What are some symptom modifying agents for Osteoarthritis?
``` NSAIDs Tramadol Gabapentin Amantadine Corticosteroids ```
27
What are some disease modifying agents for Osteoarthritis?
Polysulfated glycosaminoglycan Pentosan polysulfate Hyaluronic acid
28
Autologous platelet therapy
Platelets collected and injected into involved joint
29
What are surgical salvage treatments for Osteoarthritis?
Joint replacement arthroplasty Partial joint exision arthroplasty Arthodesis Amputation
30
Partial Excision Arthroplasty
Remodeling of joint without replacement
31
What are common examples of Partial Excision Arthroplasty?
Femoral Head and Neck exicision (FHO) | Glenoid Excision
32
What are the postoperative management options for Arthrodesis?
Coaptation (6-8 weeks) Activity Restriction until bony fusion Prolonged healing common - 3 months +
33
Osteochondrosis
a defect in endochondral ossification
34
What is the pathophysiology of Osteochondrosis?
Disruptions in anastomoses lead to cartilage necrosis
35
Where is the most common place on the shoulder for Osteochondrosis dissecans?
caudolateral humeral head
36
Where is the most common place on the elbow for Osteochondrosis dissecans?
medial humeral condyle
37
Where is the most common place on the Hock for Osteochondrosis dissecans?
Medial or lateral talar ridge
38
Where is the most common place on the Stifle for Osteochondrosis dissecans?
Medial or lateral femoral condyle
39
What are the treatments for Osteochondrosis dissecans?
Preventative measures - diet, energy, calcium, vitamin D restriction Conservative Surgical
40
What are the surgical treatments for Osteochondrosis dissecans?
Fragment removal and subchondral bone debridement Replacement of articular cartilage with fibrocartilage Osteochondral transplants (OATS)
41
What is conservative management for Shoulder OCD Treatment?
Rest NSAIDs Diet
42
What is the standard of care for shoulder OCD?
Surgical treatment
43
What is the surgical treatment for Shoulder OCD?
Flap removal and joint lavage Debridement of bone with curette or shaver Defect heals with fibrocartilage Arthroscopy
44
What is the treatment for Acute Biceps Brachii Tendinopathy?
Confinement for 4-6 weeks NSAIDs Physical therapy
45
What is the treatment for Moderate Biceps Brachii Tendinopathy?
Intraarticular corticosteroid injection Strict confinement 4-6 weeks Physical therapy
46
What is seen on physical exam for Shoulder Instability?
Muscle Atrophy Pain on manipulation of Joint Medial instability: Increased abduction angle
47
What is the treatment for mild shoulder instability?
Rest Physical Therapy Hobbles
48
What is the treatment for moderate shoulder instability?
arthroscopic thermal "capsulorrhaphy" Rest Physical Therapy Hobbles
49
What is the treatment for Severe shoulder instability?
Medial glenohumeral ligament reconstruction | Velpeau sling instead of hobbles
50
Contracture
muscle shortening not caused by active contraction
51
Infraspinatus Contracture
traumatic disruption of muscle fibers causing muscle shortening not caused by active contraction
52
What is the treatment for Infraspinatus Contracture?
Tenetomy of infraspinatus tendon
53
Incongruity
mismatch of articular surfaces
54
What is the characteristic posture for Medial Coronoid Dysplasia?
"Toed Out" Elbow abducted External rotation of limb
55
What is the incongruity associated with Ununited Anconeal Process?
Short Ulna/ Long radius
56
What is the incongruity associated with Fragmented Coronoid Process
short radius/ long ulna
57
Radioulnar incongruity
Shortened ulna displaces humerus proximally | Excess force on developing anconeal process
58
At what age does the normal ulna fuse?
16-20 weeks
59
What is the gold standard for diagnosing Fragmented Coronoid Process and OCD?
Arthroscopy
60
Long portion of the Tarsal Collaterals
Spans the entire tarsus | Taut in extension but not in flexion
61
Short portion of the Tarsal Collaterals
Taut in both flexion and extension
62
Which way does Valgus stress deviate the limb?
Laterally
63
Which ligament is stressed when valgus stress is applies?
Medial Collateral Ligament
64
Which ligament is stressed when varus stress is applied?
Lateral Collateral ligament
65
Which way does the limb deviate when varus stress is applied?
medially
66
What is conservative treatment for collateral ligament injury?
Splinting + rest | ESF
67
What is the surgical treatment for collateral ligament injury?
Reconstruct/Replace | Salvage with excessive trauma
68
Collateral Ligament Replacement
Screw or bone tunnel in origin and insertion of each ligament Nonabsorbable large diameter suture placed in figure 8 pattern
69
What type of suture is used for Collater Ligament Replacement?
40 to 80 lb test monofilament nylon
70
What ligaments are damaged with a hyperextension injury?
Palmar/plantar support ligaments
71
What is the treatment for a hyperextension injury?
Salvage surgery
72
Palmar fibrocartilage
the confluence of joint capsule and ligaments on the palmar surface of the carpus
73
Ginglymus
Hinge Joint
74
What is the etiology of a Hyperextension injury?
Trauma (jump/fall) Immune mediated Breed related breakdown or weakness
75
How does a hyperextension injury present?
Swollen Painful "dropped hock" plantigrade stance
76
What is the conservative treatment for Hyperextension injury?
Splint application and rest
77
What is the surgical treatment for Hyperextension injury?
Arthrodesis of the affected joint + joint distal
78
Post op for Arthrodesis
Coaptation for 4-8 weeks Activity restriction until bony fusion Explantation may be required
79
Carpal laxity Syndrome
Hyperextension, hyperflexion, flexural deformity with palpable laxity of puppies ages 5-27 weeks that spontaneously recovered in 1-4 weeks
80
What is the physical exam finding for a Common calcanean tendon rupture?
plantigrade stance
81
What tendon is usually preserved in a partial rupture of the common calcanean tendon?
Superficial Digital Flexor
82
What are the physical exam findings of a partial rupture of the common calcanean tendon?
Partial hyperflexion of hock | Flexion of digits
83
What is the treatment for a common calcanean tendon rupture?
Debride tendon ends Primary Tendon repair Immobilize tarsus in extension
84
Hip Dysplasia
Abnormal development of the coxofemoral joint resulting in hip laxity
85
What is the manifestation of Hip Dysplasia in young patients?
Subluxation
86
What is the manifestation of Hip Dysplasia in older patients?
Remodeling and OA
87
What is the etiology for Hip Dysplasia?
Genetics and Environmental
88
What are some nongenetic factors that contribute to Hip Dysplasia?
Pelvic Muscle Mass Body weight Nutrition
89
What is seen in the History of an animal with Hip Dysplasia?
``` Exercise intolerance Bunny hopping gait Difficulty rising/stiff after rest Reluctant to climb stairs or jump Bilateral Hip Lameness Sits to the side to avoid hip flexion ```
90
Ortolani test
Push stifle proximally to subluxate then slowly abduct the stifle to hear the audible clunk
91
How do you treat Hip Dysplasia?
``` Nutritional management Exercise modulation Physical therapy NSAID Weight management ```
92
What are the surgical managements for Hip Dysplasia?
Juvenile Pubic Symphiodesis Triple Pelvic Osteotomy Salvage procedures: FHO, Total Hip Replacement
93
Juvenile Pubic Symphiodesis
Fuse pubic symphysis with cautery to tether the growth of the pelvis to roll the acetabulum ventrally (ventroversion)
94
What age is JPS useful in?
Less than 20 weeks
95
Triple Pelvic Osteotomy
Osteotomy of the pubis, ischium, ilium | Fixation of the ilium with angled plates to roll the acetabulum dorsally
96
What are the indications for a triple pelvic osteotomy?
``` Clinical signs of Hip Dysplasia Ortolani test Low angle of reduction No radiographic evidence of DJD 6-8 months of age ```
97
Total Hip Replacement
Degenerative joint replaced with prostheses: Femoral Stem and Acetabular cup
98
What are the two types of Total Hip Replacement?
Cemented | Cementless
99
What type of dog is Total Hip Replacement ideal for?
Large Active dogs
100
What are complications of Total Hip Replacement?
``` Luxation Infection Femure Fracture Loosening Failure of ingrowth Bone resorption around cement ```
101
FHO
Femoral Head and Neck Osteotomy
102
Femoral Head Osteotomy
Remove the entire Femoral Head and Neck of femur with a Osteotome or oscillating (sagittal) saw
103
What supports the hip with an FHO?
Pseudarthrosis | Muscles and tendons provide support
104
What is the most commonly luxated joint?
Coxofemoral joint
105
What causes Coxofemoral Luxation?
Trauma associated with thoracic injury or other fractures
106
What is the History associated with Coxofemoral Luxation?
Acute unilateral non weight bearing lameness
107
What are the two types of Coxofemoral Luxation?
Caudoventral | Craniodorsal
108
Caudoventral Coxofemoral Luxation
Luxation of the femoral head ventrally due to a fall or "splits"
109
Craniodorsal Coxofemoral Luxation
Pull of gluteal muscles causes the greater trochanter to displace dorsally
110
What is the most common Coxofemoral Luxation?
Craniodorsal Coxofemoral Luxation
111
How is the limb held in a Caudoventral Coxofemoral luxation?
Leg is held abducted and internally rotated
112
How do you treat a Caudoventral Coxofemoral luxation?
Close reduction with muscle relaxation or an epidural Hobbles for 10-14 days Range of Motion exercises
113
What is contraindicated for a Caudoventral Coxofemoral luxation?
Ehmer sling
114
How does the effected limb look for a Craniodorsal Coxofemoral Luxation?
Affected limb is held in relaxed extension and adducted and externally rotated
115
What is the treatment for Craniodorsal Coxofemoral Luxation?
Closed Reduction | Muscle Relaxation or epidural
116
What is contraindicated for Craniodorsal Coxofemoral Luxation?
Dysplastic hip | Fracture of the pelvis or femur
117
What is the treatment Post Reduction for Craniodorsal Coxofemoral Luxation?
Range of Motion | Ehmer sling
118
Ehmer Sling
Abduction Internal rotation Pushed femoral head away from damaged craniodorsal joint capsule
119
What are the indications for an Open reduction for a Craniodorsal Coxofemoral Luxation?
Pelvic/acetabular fracture Femoral fractures Unstable closed reduction Recurrent closed reduction
120
What are the objectives of Hip Dysplasia Surgical Treatment?
Reconstruct joint capsule and adjacent soft tissues to hold hip in reduction Maintain reduction temporarily with implant until soft tissues heal
121
What are the surgical treatment options for correction of Hip Dysplasia?
Capsulorrhaphy Prosthetic capsule Toggle pin
122
Capsulorraphy
closing the joint capsule torn by the trauma with heavy gauge suture
123
What is a Toggle Pin/Rod used for?
Prosthetic Capital ligament
124
What is the Post Op Management for the treatment of Hip Dysplasia?
``` Coaptation: Ehmer sling or Hobbles Belly Sling Avoid slippery floors Restrict activity X 4 weeks Slow gradual return to activity ```
125
Legg-Perthes Disease
"Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head" | Ischemia to femoral head causes necrosis
126
What is the signalment for Legg-Perthes Disease?
Cats and small/toy breed dogs immature (4-11 months) Some Breed disposition
127
What are the signs seen on radiographs for Legg-Perthes Disease?
Radiopacity of lateral femoral head Focal bony lysis - "motheaten" "apple core" Flattening mottling of the femoral head Collapse thickening of femoral neck
128
What is the treatment for Legg-Perthes disease?
Femoral Head Osteotomy | Total Hip Replacement
129
What is the function of the Cranial Cruciate Ligament?
Prevents internal rotation Prevents hyperextension Prevents cranial tibial thrust
130
Cranial Tibial Thrust
Naturally occurring weight bearing compression across the joint Angle between compression and tibial plateau results in shear
131
What opposes the shear force of Cranial Tibial Thrust?
Cranial Cruciate Ligament
132
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Tear
occurs when cranial tibial thrust exceeds breaking strength of the cranial cruciate ligament
133
What causes Acute Cranial Cruciate Ligament rupture?
Traumatic catastrophic overload of the ligament
134
What causes chronic cranial cruciate ligament rupture?
Progressive degeneration of the Cranial Cruciate Ligament due to a lower breaking strength resulting in rupture from normal weight bearing
135
Deranged Stifle
enough force to damage multiple ligaments in the stifle
136
What other injuries of the stifle is CCL rupture associated with in cats?
Injuries to Menisci Injuries to other ligaments Deranged stifle
137
What is the history of an animal with acute CCL Rupture?
Athletic injury Traumatic hyperextension, limb loading or excessive internal rotation Sudden onset of non or partial weight bearing lameness
138
What is the history of an animal with chronic CCL rupture?
Slow degeneration of CCL leads to DJD | Fraying of ligament rather than complete rupture
139
What do you see on physical exam of chronic CCL rupture?
``` Effusion Rounding of limb Muscle atrophy Medial buttress - firm medial fibrosis Crepitus - osteophyte formation Instability ```
140
What are the tests for Instability and CCL Rupture?
Cranial drawer test | Tibial compression test
141
What are the two bands of the Cranial Cruciate ligament?
Craniomedial | Caudolateral
142
When does the Craniomedial Cranial Cruciate ligament become taut?
in flexion and extension
143
When does the Caudolateral Cranial Cruciate ligament become taut?
in extension only
144
What is the function of Menisci?
Shock absorption Reorient load transmission "hoop stress" improve congruency/stability
145
What are the signs seen on Radiographs for Meniscus injury?
``` Effusion of the fat pad Osteophytes Subchondral sclerosis Increased medial soft tissue Tibial displacement ```
146
What is medical treatment for meniscus injury?
6 weeks confinement pain management Physical therapy
147
What is the surgical treatment for meniscus injury?
Explore joint: debride CCL, Evaluate meniscus, arthroscopy vs. arthrotomy Stabilize the joint
148
What is the most common Meniscal tear?
"Bucket Handle"
149
Partial Meniscectomy
Removal of damaged portion of the meniscus | Minimal change in contact mechanics
150
What is the risk for a Partial Meniscectomy?
Postoperative meniscal injury
151
Meniscal Release
Cut caudal pole of medial meniscus | Allows caudal pole to move caudally
152
What is the advantage of Meniscal Release?
decreases risk of postoperative injury
153
What is the disadvantage of Meniscal Release?
Worsens contact mechanics | Long Term OA
154
What are the stabilization techniques for meniscal tears?
Intracapsular Extracapsular Tibial Osteotomies: TPLO and TTA
155
What are the Extracapular techniques for meniscal tear?
Lateral suture | TightRope
156
Lateral Suture
Heavy monofilament nylon placed in orientation similar to the native CCL Nylon mimics function of ligament: Around lateral fabella and through hole in tibial tuberosity
157
What are the complications of Lateral Suture?
``` Infection Implant failure Incomplete stabilization Meniscal injury Peroneal nerve deficit/entrapment Complications increase with higher body weight and younger age ```
158
TightRope
Multifilament nonabsorbable fiber tape implant that is fixated with toggle mechanism
159
Osteotomy Purpose
Alter angle between weight bearing and the tibial plateau to eliminate shear Render cranial cruciate ligament unnecessary Eliminates tibial thrust Does not eliminate cranial drawer
160
TPLO Mechanics
Force of weightbearing parallel to tibial axis Radial cut in the proximal tibia Rotate proximal tibial fragment Perpendicular to force of weight bearing
161
Tibial Tuberosity Advancement Description
Quadriceps are primary resistance to stifle flexion during weightbearing Force of weightbearing parallel to patellar tendon Longitudinal cut in the tibial tuberosity Advancement of tuberosity makes patellar tendon perpendicular to plateau
162
What are the complications of Osteotomies?
``` Infection Incomplete stabilization Implant failure Meniscal injury Iatrogenic angular limb deformity - TPLO Iatrogenic patellar luxation - TTA ```
163
What is the post operative Management for Osteotomy?
Physical therapy 48-72 hours post op limit exercise until radiographic healing (8-12 weeks) Gradual return to activity over 1--2 months 6 months of recovery
164
What procedures are best to perform on a small dog or cat for meniscal repair?
TPLO TTA Tightrope
165
What procedures are best to perform on everything else?
TPLO TTA Tightrope
166
What is the most common congenital joint deformity?
Patellar luxation
167
What is the signalment for Patellar luxation?
Small and toy breeds
168
What is the history for patellar luxation?
Intermittent weight-bearing lameness | Non-weight bearing when patella is luxated
169
What is the cause of Medial Patellar Luxation?
Medial malalignment of quadriceps
170
What is the result of Medial Patellar Luxation?
``` Lateral bowing of distal femur Lateral torsion of distal femur Medial displacement of tibial tuberosity Medial boring of proximal tibia Abnormal trochlear groove Hypoplasia of medial condylar ridge ```
171
What is the result of Medial Patellar Luxation?
``` Lateral bowing of distal femur Lateral torsion of distal femur Medial displacement of tibial tuberosity Medial boring of proximal tibia Abnormal trochlear groove Hypoplasia of medial condylar ridge ```
172
What do you find on physical exam of Medial patellar luxation?
Stifle in extension | Tibia internally rotated
173
What do you find on physical exam of Lateral patellar luxation?
Stifle in extension | Tibia externally rotated
174
What should you always assess for Patellar luxation?
Cranial drawer
175
Grade 1 patellar luxation
Patella stays in the groove | but can be manually luxated but will spontaneously reduce immediately
176
Grade 2 Patellar luxation
Patella more often reduced than luxated and luxated easily with manipulation May luxate spontaneously Once luxated will stay luxated until manually reduced or stifle is extended Intermittent lameness
177
Grade 3 Patellar Luxation
patella more often luxated than reduced Patella can be manually reduced Reluxates when released or with flexion "Crouched" gait - flexed stifle and internally rotated tibia
178
Grade 4 Patellar Luxation
Patella is fixed in luxation Manual reduction is not possible Anatomic abnormalities are severe - Tibia may be rotated 80-90 degrees medially, Stifle may not be able to be fully extended, or severe fibrosis and muscular contracture
179
What is the most common patellar luxation?
MPL
180
What patellar luxation is most common in large breed dogs?
LPL
181
What are the conformational abnormalities of Lateral Patellar Luxation?
Mirror image of medial luxation Femoral valgus or torsion, tibial varus "Knock-kneed" or "Cow Hocked"
182
What is more severe MPL or LPL?
LPL
183
What is the indication for surgical management?
``` Significant lameness regardless of grade Episodes lasting 2-3 weeks or longer 3 or more episodes in a short time Higher grade (3-4) associated with RCCL ```
184
What are the surgical procedures for patellar luxation?
Soft tissue reconstruction | Bone reconstruction/realignment
185
Lateral imbrication
Chronic stretching of lateral joint capsule, fascia | Imbrication prevents reluxation
186
Medial release
Chronic fibrosis of medial joint capsule, fascia Free up contracted tissue Allows reduction of patella
187
Trochleoplasties
Deepen femoral trochlear groove | Wedge or block recession
188
Tibial tuberosity transposition
Osteotomy in tibial crest | Realign quadriceps
189
tibial tuberosity transposition description
Tibial tuberosity cut from proximal to distal, leaving periosteum attached distally Tibial tuberosity shifted laterally Tibial tuberosity fixed in placed with K-wires
190
What are the indications for ACVS referral for large breed dogs?
Many grade 2 luxations require surgery | require distal femoral osteotomy
191
What is the post op care for surgery for patellar luxation?
Controlled activity leash walking for 6 weeks Physical therapy Radiographs in 6 weeks
192
What is the Etiology of Fragmented Coronoid Process?
a previous error in endochondral ossification that experience microtrauma caused by incongruity
193
How do you diagnose Elbow Dysplasia?
Radiographs
194
What view is required for diagnosis of Ununited Anconeal process?
flexed lateral view
195
What view is required for the diagnosis of OCD of the elbow?
craniocaudal view
196
What may be the only sign of Fragmented Coronoid process seen on Radiographs?
Sclerosis
197
What is the gold standard for diagnosis of Elbow Dysplasia (FCP and UAP)?
Arthroscopy
198
What is the surgical treatment of Ununited Anconeal Process?
Fragment excision | Osteotomy + fixation
199
What occurs to the elbow joint if you excise the anconeal process?
destabilization
200
What is the signalment of a patient that should receive a Fragment excision of the Ununited Anconeal process?
Older dog
201
What is the goal of an Ununited Anconeal Process Osteotomy + fixation?
Osteotomy allows distraction of the ulna Restoration of congruity through ulna lengthening Encourages the union of the anconeal process
202
What is the signalment of a patient who should receive an Osteotomy + fixation for UAP?
Young dog with no DJD
203
What is the gold standard of treatment for FCP/OCD?
Arthroscopic treatment: Debridement and fragment removal
204
What will still progress even after arthroscopy of FCP/OC?
Arthritis
205
What is important to know about the prognosis of Elbow Dysplasia?
Early intervention is best chance Early intervention does not prevent DJD Treatment via arthotomy is worse than arthroscopy Medical management is expected long-term
206
What is Incomplete Ossification of the Humeral Condyle?
Failure of union between the medial and lateral portions of the humeral condyle
207
When does the fusion of the humeral condyles take place?
12 weeks
208
What is important to note about Incomplete ossification of the Humeral condyle?
Bilateral In spaniel breeds males are predisposed
209
What is the presentation of Incomplete ossification of the Humeral condyle?
You to young adult dogs no clinical signs Mild lameness: Weightbearing lameness that is worse after activity Acute Non-weight bearing lameness due to a pathologic fracture
210
How do you diagnose Incomplete ossification of the Humeral condyle?
Craniocaudal Radiographs
211
What is the treatment for Incomplete ossification of the Humeral condyle?
Single large lag screw
212
Traumatic Elbow Luxation
Rupture/avulsion of collateral ligaments
213
Which side do we see Traumatic Elbow Luxation to most?
Lateral
214
Which collateral ligament is traumatized in dogs with Traumatic Elbow Luxation?
lateral collateral
215
Which ligament is traumatized in cats with Traumatic Elbow Luxation?
Both collateral ligaments
216
How do you diagnose Traumatic Elbow Luxation?
Lateral and Craniocaudal Radiographs
217
What is the treatment for Traumatic Elbow Luxation?
Closed Reduction | Open Reduction
218
When do you perform an Open Reduction on a Traumatic Elbow Luxation?
Concurrent fractures Unsuccessful/unstable closed reduction Recurrent luxation
219
What procedure do you perform on a Traumatic Elbow Luxation with severe DJD?
Salvage procedure
220
What test is used to Assess collateral ligaments of the elbow?
Campbell's Test
221
How do you perform the Campbell's Test?
Elbow and carpus at 90 degrees Supination to test the lateral collateral Pronation to test the medial collateral
222
In what species do you perform an open reduction normally to treat Traumatic Elbow Luxation?
Cats
223
What procedure do you perform to stabilize the Lateral collateral ligament?
Suture prothesis
224
What do you do Post op for a Traumatic Elbow Luxation?
Maintain the leg in extension Exercise restriction for 4-6 weeks after coaptation removal Physical therapy Slow gradual return to activity
225
What coaptation do you use for Post op treatment of Traumatic Elbow Luxation?
Spica Splint for 2-3 weeks (Closed reduction) | Flexible ESF for 3-4 weeks (open reduction)

RUSVM Small Animal Surgery 2017 (17 decks)

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