Bandages, Splints, and Casts Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Bandages

A
Promote healing 
Protect wounds
Absorption 
Elimination dead space
Apply or relieve pressure 
Modulate pain 
Stabilize
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2
Q

What does Dead space cause?

A

seroma formation and hematomas

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3
Q

What does applying pressure minimize?

A

edema formation

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4
Q

3 primary components of bandages

A

Primary Layer
Secondary layer
Tertiary layer

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5
Q

Primary Layer

A
Directly contacts wound or patient surface
Final barrier 
Absorbs/transfers to secondary layer 
Maintains moist wound environment 
Sterile
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6
Q

Secondary layer

A

Should never contact wound

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7
Q

Tertiary layer

A

outermost layer

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8
Q

What are some adherent dressings?

A

Dry to Dry

Wet to Dry

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9
Q

Non adherent dressing

A

Used for healthy tissue

Granulation tissue

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10
Q

What determines the type of dressing used?

A

Phase of wound healing
Amount of exudate
Presence of infection or necrosis

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11
Q

Wet to Dry Dressing

A

Wet bandage applied to the wound to help absorb through osmosis through the primary layer into the secondary layer

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12
Q

Dry to Dry Dressing

A

Placement of dry sterile adherent gauze to an open wound

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13
Q

What dressing is not commonly used?

A

Dry to Dry Dressing

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14
Q

What is the disadvantage of Dry to Dry Dressing?

A

Painful to remove

Can dry and damage healing tissue

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15
Q

What is the most common adherent dressing?

A

Wet to Dry Dressing

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16
Q

What are the advantages of Wet to Dry Dressings?

A

Provides hydration
Dilutes exudate
Wicks exudate
Removes necrotic tissue

17
Q

What are the disadvantages of Wet to Dry Dressing?

A

Can damage healthy tissue

Painful to remove

18
Q

When do you use Wet to Dry Dressings?

A

Use early in wound management (3-5 days)

19
Q

What tissue do you not use Wet to Dry Dressings on?

A

Healthy tissue

20
Q

Advantages of Non Adherent Dressings?

A

Provides Moisture

Allows absorption

21
Q

Functions of Secondary Layer

A
Adsorb and hold drainage from wound 
Provide support or immobilization 
Decrease dead space 
Reduce edema
Control hemorrhage 
Holds primary dressing in place
22
Q

What is the criteria for the thickness of the secondary layer?

A
Amount of discharge/absorption 
Amount of pressure required
Amount of support 
Immobilization 
Protection
23
Q

What so you leave digits exposed?

A

monitor for cold and swelling

24
Q

What are the rules for application of the secondary layer?

A

Leave digits 3 and 4 exposed if possible
Overlap approx 50%
Apply distal to proximal on limbs
Should never contact wound
Can incorporate splints or cats for greater stability
Change before exudate reaches tertiary layer
Bandage at normal functional angle

25
What can happen if exudate reaches the tertiary layer of the bandage?
Bacterial strike through
26
What do you use to Anchor bandages?
``` Stirrups Tape Overlay Torso Strap Tie over bandage Patch bandage Fur incorporation ```
27
Where do you use Tie over bandage?
Used in areas where circumferential bandage is difficult
28
What suture is used for Tie Over Bandage?
Nonabsorbable monofilament suture
29
Patch Bandage
Used to protect incision lines post op | Areas that cannot place circumferential bandage
30
What are things to look for with bandages?
``` Pain Discomfort Foul odor Swollen/cold digits Drainage or discharge Mutilation Fever ```
31
Modified Robert Jones Bandage
Protects wounds Little support Little compression
32
Reinforced Modified Robert Jones
Adds additional support for minimally displaced stable fractures
33
Spica Splint
Temporary splint for fractures or luxations proximal to or including the elbow or stifle Provides immobilization of upper extremities
34
When do you use Velpeau Sling?
Immobilization after reduction of shoulder luxation | Primary stabilization for some scapular fractures
35
Ehmers Sling
Creates non weight bearing hind limb provides femoral abduction Inward hip rotation Indication after reduction of cranial dorsal hip luxation
36
Indications for Pelvic Limb Sling
Tibial or femoral fracture repair | Post-op coxofemoral or stifle surgery
37
Indications for a full leg cast
used as adjunct following internal fixation or arthrodesis
38
What are the contraindications of a full leg cast?
Wounds Significant inflammation Femur or humerus
39
Metacarpal/Metatarsal Splints
Used for fractures at or below carpus | Additional support following fractures, luxations and arthrodesis