Aseptic Laboratory/Suture and Instruments Flashcards
Asepsis
Prevent wound contamination by destroying organisms before they enter the wound
Antisepsis
killing bacteria after they have entered the wound
Disinfection
use of germicidal substances to kill most microorganisms
Sterilization
the process of destroying all microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and spores
What is the goal of aseptic surgical technique?
minimize contamination of surgical wounds
What is not sterile once surgery starts?
Your back neck shoulders axillae below waist
Physical sterilization
Thermal energy
Filtration
Radiation energy
Chemical sterilization
Plasma
Disinfectants
What is the most common method of sterilization?
Autoclave
What is the minimum standard for autoclaving?
250F
15 psi
13 min
What is the disadvantage of steam sterilization?
dulls sharp instruments
What is used for Chemical sterilization?
Ethylene Oxide
Gas Plasma
What does the effectiveness of Chemical Sterilization depend on?
Gas concentration
Temperature
Exposure time
Humidity (minimum of 35%)
What is disinfected with “Cold Disinfectants”?
Dental Instruments
Scopes
What is the shelf life of a sterile pack using Heat sealed paper/transparent plastic pouch?
1 years
What is the shelf life of a sterile pack using 2 layers of polyethylene + muslin?
9 months
What is the shelf life of a sterile pack using 2 layers of crepe paper + muslin?
10 weeks
What is the shelf life of a sterile pack using 2 layers of double wrap muslin?
8 weeks
What is the shelf life of a sterile pack using 1 layer of crepe paper?
3 weeks
Halsted’s Principles of Surgery
- Gentle Tissue Handling
- Accurate hemostasis
- Preservation of blood supply
- Strict aseptic technique
- Sutures tied without tension
- Accurate tissue apposition
- Obliteration of dead space
- Postoperative wound protection
Primary Hemorrhage
Bleeding during procedure
Intermediate delayed hemorrhage
within 24 hours of surgery
Secondary delayed hemorrhage
After 24 hours - usually the result of ineffective ligation
Gelform
Absorbable gelatin sponge Topical hemostatic agent derived from pig skin
Surgicel
Absorbable plant based cellulose topical hemostatic agent
Hemablock
microporous polysaccharide powder topical hemostatic agent
Types of Definitive Hemostasis
Electrocoagulation
Ligature
Vascular clips
Primary vascular repair
Electrocoagulation
Electric current delivered to the tissues
What are the advantages of Electrocoagulation?
Decreased blood loss and operative time
Improved visualization
What are the disadvantages of Electrocoagulation?
Less hemostatic security than ligation
Collateral tissue damage
3 scalpel handle
used in small animals
4 scalpel handle
used in large animals
What size blade goes with a Bard-Parker #3 scalpel handle?
#10 #11 #12 #15
What size blade goes with a #4 scalpel handle?
20s
Metzenbaum Scissors
Used for dissection and cutting delicate tissues such as subcutaneous tissues, intestine, or bladder
Mayo Scissors
Used for general dissection and cutting through tissues such as muscle fascia, tendon, the linea alba, or trimming skin
Vernon Cartilage and Wire Scissors
Good for cutting sutures and drape material
Brown Adson Tissue Forceps
Very common general use tissue forceps for general tissue handling but can crush tissue
Halstead Mosquito Forceps
Delicate hemostat used for ligating individual vessels
Rochester-Carmalt Hemostatic Forceps
Used to occlude large vascular structures such as the ovarian pedicle
Backhaus Towel Clamp
Used to secure the quarter drapes or Huck towels to the patient skin
Allis Tissue Forceps
Forceps used to grasp tissue facilitating retraction, positioning of suction tubing and electrocautery wire on patient drape
Snook Ovariohysterectomy Hook
Used to blindly exteriorization of uterine horn during ovariohysterectomy
What are the Crushing Tissue Forceps?
Babcock tissue forceps
Allis tissue forceps
What are the Non-crushing forceps?
Doyen Intestinal Forceps
What are the Hemostatic forceps?
Rochester Carmalt forceps
Kelly Hemostat forceps
Halsted mosquito forceps
How should you always place curved forceps?
tips should be always pointed out of the body cavity or away from the patient
Babcock Tissue Forceps
Forceps used for helping grasp and retract soft tissues such as the stomach or bladder
Straight Doyen Intestinal Tissue Forceps
Forceps used for intestinal lumen occlusion in enterotomies, resection and anastomosis
Straight and Curved Kelly Hemostatic Forceps
Forceps used for tip clamping of small to medium vessels
What are the Thumb Forceps?
Brown-Adson forceps
Adson forceps
DeBakey forceps
Bishop-Harmon forceps
Adson Tissue Forceps
Forceps that result in less crush injury than with Brown-Adson tissue forceps but have poor grip on fat or other friable tissues
DeBakey Tissue Forceps
Most frequently used thumb forceps in soft tissue surgery that are less traumatic than Brown-Adson thumb forceps
Bishop-Harmon Forceps
Used to grasp tissue in ophthalmic surgery