JOINTS Flashcards
What is the structure of fibrous joints?
- syndesmosis, suture, gomphosis
- has dense regular CT between the articulating surfaces
- most are classified as immobile or slightly mobile
What is the structure of gomphosis?
- joint binding teeth into their alveoli
- uses a periodontal membrane
- sutures - between bones of the skull
What is the structure of sutures?
- synostosis - total fusion of the bone
What is the structure of syndesmosis?
- sheets of dense fibrous tissue
- uses an interosseous membrane
What are the 2 cartilaginous joints?
- synchondrosis, symphysis
What is the structure of synchondrosis
- composed of hyaline cartilage
- classified as synarthrosis (immovable)
- a. may be temporary like the epiphyseal plate
- b. or permanent like the 1st steronocostal joint and the costochondral joints of ribs
What is the structure of symphysis?
- has a pad of fibrocartilage between the bones
- classified as amphiarthroses (slightly moveable)
- intervertebral joints - formed with an intervertebral disc between the bodies of each vertebrae
- symphysis pubis
what is the structure of synovial joints?
- classified as freely moveable joints
- permit wide range of motion in many cases
- found at the end of long bones
What are gliding or planter joints? (SYNOVIAL)
- side to side movement
- least movable
- two flattened surfaces
- examples: acromioclavicular, between articular processes of vertebrae, between carpals, between tarsals, sacroiliac, between articular facets of adjacent vertebrae
What are hinge joints? (SYNOVIAL)
- movement in one plane
- examples: elbow, knee, between phalanges
What is a pivot joint? (SYNOVIAL)
- rotation around a central axis
- examples: atlas/axis joint, radius head with the radial notch of the ulna
What is a condyloid joint (SYNOVIAL)
- movement in two planes
- examples: between radius and carpals, between metacarpals and phalanges, between metatarsals and phalanges, atlanto- occipital
What is saddle joints? (synovial)
- permits angular motion without rotation in two planes
- examples: carpometacarpal joint of the thumb and sternoclavicular
What is a ball and socket joint? (SYNOVIAL)
- all planes and rotations
- examples: hip joint, head of femur and acetabulum, shoulder joint, head of humerus and glenoid fossa
What is flexion?
- decreases the angle of the joint as bending at the elbow, knee, toes, fingers, hip with the thigh forward, head bent forward
What is extension?
- increases the angle to anatomical position in most cases as straightening at the joints
- hyperextension - extending past anatomical position as head bent backward, thigh extended posteriorly
What is hyper flexion?
- flexion of a limb or part beyond the normal limit
dorsiflexion?
- flexing the ankle by lifting the sole upward
plantar flexion?
- flexing the sole by lifting the heel upward
abduction?
- movement away from the midline as lifting the arm/leg out to the side/spreading the fingers
adduction
- movement toward the midline of the parts above
rotation
- pivot joints, including supination/pronation (palm forward/palm back)
Circumduction
- all movements combined, at the hip and shoulders joints, a circular motion
inversion
- turnt he sole medially
eversion
- turn the sole laterally
elevation
- moves in a superior direction
depression
- moves in an inferior direction
What is the function of fontanelles?
- aids in formation of skull during childhood
NAME THE SYNOVIAL JOINT:
PROXIMAL RADIUS/ULNA
- pivot
NAME THE SYNOVIAL JOINT:
Radius/carpals
- condylar
name the synovial joint
Adjacent carpals
- plane
name the synovial joint
- trapezium and metacarpal 1
- saddle
name the synovial joint
carpals and metacarpals 2-5
- condylar
name the synovial joint
metacarpal and proximal phalanx
- condylar
name the synovial joint
adjacent phalanges
- hinge
