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Biology anatomy/physiology > JOINTS > Flashcards

JOINTS Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the structure of fibrous joints?

A
  • syndesmosis, suture, gomphosis
  • has dense regular CT between the articulating surfaces
  • most are classified as immobile or slightly mobile
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2
Q

What is the structure of gomphosis?

A
  • joint binding teeth into their alveoli
  • uses a periodontal membrane
  • sutures - between bones of the skull
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3
Q

What is the structure of sutures?

A
  • synostosis - total fusion of the bone
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4
Q

What is the structure of syndesmosis?

A
  • sheets of dense fibrous tissue

- uses an interosseous membrane

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5
Q

What are the 2 cartilaginous joints?

A
  • synchondrosis, symphysis
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6
Q

What is the structure of synchondrosis

A
  • composed of hyaline cartilage
  • classified as synarthrosis (immovable)
  • a. may be temporary like the epiphyseal plate
  • b. or permanent like the 1st steronocostal joint and the costochondral joints of ribs
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7
Q

What is the structure of symphysis?

A
  • has a pad of fibrocartilage between the bones
  • classified as amphiarthroses (slightly moveable)
  • intervertebral joints - formed with an intervertebral disc between the bodies of each vertebrae
  • symphysis pubis
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8
Q

what is the structure of synovial joints?

A
  • classified as freely moveable joints
  • permit wide range of motion in many cases
  • found at the end of long bones
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9
Q

What are gliding or planter joints? (SYNOVIAL)

A
  • side to side movement
  • least movable
  • two flattened surfaces
  • examples: acromioclavicular, between articular processes of vertebrae, between carpals, between tarsals, sacroiliac, between articular facets of adjacent vertebrae
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10
Q

What are hinge joints? (SYNOVIAL)

A
  • movement in one plane

- examples: elbow, knee, between phalanges

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11
Q

What is a pivot joint? (SYNOVIAL)

A
  • rotation around a central axis

- examples: atlas/axis joint, radius head with the radial notch of the ulna

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12
Q

What is a condyloid joint (SYNOVIAL)

A
  • movement in two planes
  • examples: between radius and carpals, between metacarpals and phalanges, between metatarsals and phalanges, atlanto- occipital
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13
Q

What is saddle joints? (synovial)

A
  • permits angular motion without rotation in two planes

- examples: carpometacarpal joint of the thumb and sternoclavicular

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14
Q

What is a ball and socket joint? (SYNOVIAL)

A
  • all planes and rotations

- examples: hip joint, head of femur and acetabulum, shoulder joint, head of humerus and glenoid fossa

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15
Q

What is flexion?

A
  • decreases the angle of the joint as bending at the elbow, knee, toes, fingers, hip with the thigh forward, head bent forward
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16
Q

What is extension?

A
  • increases the angle to anatomical position in most cases as straightening at the joints
  • hyperextension - extending past anatomical position as head bent backward, thigh extended posteriorly
17
Q

What is hyper flexion?

A
  • flexion of a limb or part beyond the normal limit
18
Q

dorsiflexion?

A
  • flexing the ankle by lifting the sole upward
19
Q

plantar flexion?

A
  • flexing the sole by lifting the heel upward
20
Q

abduction?

A
  • movement away from the midline as lifting the arm/leg out to the side/spreading the fingers
21
Q

adduction

A
  • movement toward the midline of the parts above
22
Q

rotation

A
  • pivot joints, including supination/pronation (palm forward/palm back)
23
Q

Circumduction

A
  • all movements combined, at the hip and shoulders joints, a circular motion
24
Q

inversion

A
  • turnt he sole medially
25
Q

eversion

A
  • turn the sole laterally
26
Q

elevation

A
  • moves in a superior direction
27
Q

depression

A
  • moves in an inferior direction
28
Q

What is the function of fontanelles?

A
  • aids in formation of skull during childhood
29
Q

NAME THE SYNOVIAL JOINT:

PROXIMAL RADIUS/ULNA

A
  • pivot
30
Q

NAME THE SYNOVIAL JOINT:

Radius/carpals

A
  • condylar
31
Q

name the synovial joint

Adjacent carpals

A
  • plane
32
Q

name the synovial joint

- trapezium and metacarpal 1

A
  • saddle
33
Q

name the synovial joint

carpals and metacarpals 2-5

A
  • condylar
34
Q

name the synovial joint

metacarpal and proximal phalanx

A
  • condylar
35
Q

name the synovial joint

adjacent phalanges

A
  • hinge

Biology anatomy/physiology (27 decks)

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