Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology anatomy/physiology > CELLULAR RESPIRATION > Flashcards

CELLULAR RESPIRATION Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What s cellular respiration?

A

A group of catabolic reactions that are jointly called “cellular respiration”

CONSISTS OF:

  • glycolysis
  • Citric Acid Cycle
  • Electron Transport Chain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is glucose important in these reactions?

A
  • Is the primary source of fuel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how does glucose enter the cell?

A
  • using a glucose transport protein - insulin aids in sneaking glucose thru the membrane
  • The cells then begin glucose catabolism and use the energy to create ATP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are anaerobic and aerobic reactions?

A
  • anaerobic: doesn’t require oxygen
  • Aerobic: does require oxygen
    ( most ATP is produced by aerobic reactions)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where does glycolysis take place?

A
  • In the cytosol and doesn’t require oxygen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How much ATP does glycolysis produce?

A
  • TWO ATP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How much ATP does the citric acid cycle produce?

A
  • TWO ATP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How much ATP does the electron transport chain produce?

A
  • generates about 28 ATP.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How much ATP is produced per glucose molecule?

A
  • typically 32
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the general characteristics of glycolysis?

A
  • Both aerobic and anaerobic pathways begin with glycolysis
  • Consists of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions that break down a 6-carbon glucose molecule into two 3-carbon pyruvic acid molecules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 steps in glycolysis?

A
  1. Priming by phosphorylation
  2. Cleavage
  3. Formation of NADH + ATP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the first step of glycolysis in detail?

A
  1. Two phosphate groups are added to a glucose molecule, one at each end, in a step called PHOSPHORYLATION.”
  2. This step requires energy from TWO ATPS, which are used to PRIME the glucose to ready it for the upcoming reactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the second step of glycolysis in detail?

A
  1. The 6-carbon glucose molecule is cleaved into two 3-carbon molecules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the third step of glycolysis in detail?

A
  1. The hydrogen carrier NADH is formed, ATP is synthesized, and two 3-carbon pyruvic acid molecules result
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens to the “high energy” electrons released during glycolysis?

A
  • Electrons that are released during glycolysis are hydrogen atoms + contain much of the energy from the chemical bonds in the original glucose molecule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is NAD+ and how is it related to the hydrogen atoms?

A
  • To use hydrogen atoms as cellular energy, they are passed in pairs to bind with NAD+ molecules
    2 protons + 2 electrons bind to the molecules of the hydrogen carrier NAD+
17
Q

How does NAD+ change after the hydrogen bonds bind to it?

A

NAD+ + 2H –> NADH + H+

18
Q

What does NADH do with the hydrogen atoms?

A
  • NADH delivers hydrogen atoms with high energy electrons to the electron transport chain in the mitochondria to be synthesized as ATP
  • NADH is an electron carrier
19
Q

How many ATP are synthesized during glycolysis?

A
  • 4 ATP are synthesized directly, subtracting the 2 ATP molecules in the priming process
  • This yields a net gain of 2 ATP per molecule of glucose
20
Q

What are the products of glycolysis?

A
  • when one glucose molecule is broken down there are 2 ATP and 2 pyruvic acid molecules
21
Q

What is oxygen’s role at the end of the electron transport chain?

A
  • For cellular respiration to continue, NADH + H+ must be able to deliver hydrogen atoms to the electron transport chain to replenish the supply of NAD+
  • This can only happen in the presence of oxygen
  • It is the final electron accept at the end of the ETC
    that enables the chain to continue processing hydrogen atoms and recycling NAD+
22
Q

What happens without oxygen in the Electron Transport Chain?

A
  • The NADH+ has nowhere to unload its hydrogen atoms
  • As an alternative NADH + H+ can give its hydrogen atoms back to the pyruvic acid in a reaction that forms lactic acid
  • this inhibits glycolysis and ATP production declines
23
Q

What is the citric acid cycle?

A
  • Takes place in the fluid of the mitochondrial matrix
  • The citric acid cycle begins when a 2-carbon acetyl CoA molecule combines with a 4-carbon oxaloacetic acid molecule to form a 6-carbon citric acid and CoA
  • The citric aid is changed thru a series of reactions back into oxaloacetic acid
  • The cycle repeats as long as the mitochondrion receives oxygen and pyruvic acid
24
Q

What are the 3 important consequences of the citric acid cycle?

A
  1. One ATP is produced directly for each citric acid molecule that goes thru the cycle
  2. For each citric acid molecule, 8 hydrogen atoms with high-energy electrons are transferred to the hydrogen carriers NAD+, and the related molecule FAD

NAD+ + 2H —> NADH + H+
FAD + 2H –> FADH2

  1. As the 6-carbon citric acid reacts to form the 4-carbon oxaloacetic acid, two carbon dioxide molecules are produced.

Biology anatomy/physiology (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions