Joint and Muscle Structure/Function

Question 1

Synarthroses Characteristics

Answer 1

reinforced by combo of fibrous/cartilaginous CT, permit slight to no movement

Question 2

Fibrous Synarthroses Examples

Answer 2

Skull sutures, Distal TF joint, IM of RU Joint

Question 3

Cartilaginous Synarthroses Examples

Answer 3

Symph pubis, Interbody joint of spine, Manubriosternal joint

Question 4

Diarthroses Characteristics

Answer 4

Synovial fluid-filled cavity; permit moderate to extensive movement

Question 5

Diarthroses examples

Answer 5

GH joint, Facet joint, Knee, Ankle

Question 6

What do all diarthroses include?

Answer 6

Joint capsule enclosing the joint

also synovial fluid, art cart, synovial membrane, ligaments, blood vessels, sensory nerves

Question 7

Uniaxial Joint types

Answer 7

Hinge and Pivot

Question 8

Biaxial joint types

Answer 8

Condyloid, Saddle, Ellipsoid

Question 9

Triaxial joint types

Answer 9

Plane, Ball and socket

Question 10

Capsule, ligament, tendon, bone, and articular/fibrocartilage are examples of…

Answer 10

Connective Tissue

Question 11

What are the four tissue types in the body?

Answer 11

Muscle Tissue, Connective Tissue, Nervous Tissue, Epithelial Tissue

Question 12

What are the two parts of CT?

Answer 12

Cells and ECM

Question 13

Two parts of ECM

Answer 13

Fibrous proteins (fibrous component)
Ground substance (non-fibrous component)

Question 14

Fibroblasts

Answer 14

Basic cell of most CT (ligaments, tendons, etc)

Question 15

Chondrocytes

Answer 15

Hyaline/fibrocartilage

Question 16

Tenocytes

Answer 16

Tendon cells

Question 17

Osteocytes

Answer 17

Bone cells

Question 18

Function of ECM

Answer 18

Part of CT outside of cells
Determines tissue’s function
Made of fibrous proteins/ground substance

Question 19

What determines a cell’s function?

Answer 19

ECM

Question 20

Two classes of proteins in fibrous component

Answer 20

Collagen and Elastin

Question 21

Most abundant protein in body, tensile strength of steel, responsible for tissue integrity

Answer 21

Collagen

Question 22

Type I collagen examples

Answer 22

tendons, ligs, fibrocartilage, jt capsules

Question 23

Type II collagen examples

Answer 23

cartilage, intervertebral discs

Question 24

Type III collagen examples

Answer 24

skin, jt capsules, muscles, tendon sheaths

Question 25

Uncoils when stretched, found in all jt structures, found in structures that require more “give”

Answer 25

Elastin

Question 26

What is ground substance composed of?

Answer 26

GAGs, Water, Solutes

Question 27

Dense CT examples

Answer 27

ligaments, external joint capsule, tendons

Question 28

Articular cartilage examples

Answer 28

Hyaline cartilage

Question 29

Fibrocartilage examples

Answer 29

Menisci, labra, discs

Question 30

Which type of cartilage is dense CT

Answer 30

Type I

Question 31

Is dense CT vascular or avascular

Answer 31

Avascular

Question 32

Irregular dense CT vs Regular

Answer 32

Irreg = capsule
Reg = Ligament/tendon

Question 33

Elastic Cartilage

Answer 33

Ears

Question 34

Fibrocartilage

Answer 34

V discs, labra, TMJ disc, menisci

Question 35

Hyaline Cartilage

Answer 35

Covers synovial joint surfaces

Question 36

Bone layers

Answer 36

Compact Outer

Cancellous inner

Question 37

Stress vs Strain

Answer 37

Stress = force per cross section (F/Unit area)
Strain = percentage change in length of cross-section of structure

Question 38

Elastic Region

Answer 38

Structure will return to normal once load is removed

Question 39

Between Elastic and Plastic

Answer 39

Will not return immediately but will with time

Question 40

Plastic Region

Answer 40

Deformation is permanent