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Kines Final > Hand > Flashcards

Hand Flashcards

1
Q

Ulnar tilt is ______ degrees

A

25

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2
Q

Palmar tilt is _____ degrees

A

10

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3
Q

What is ulnar variance

A

Difference between lengths of radius and ulna

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4
Q

What is considered an abnormal ulnar variance?

A

Difference between radius and ulna length of more than 1 mm

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5
Q

What does “ulnar positive” mean?

A

Ulna is longer than radius

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6
Q

What does “ulnar negative” mean?

A

Distal ulna is shorter than the radius

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7
Q

Pronation is functional ______ of radius

A

Shortening

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8
Q

Supination = functional ______ of radius

A

Lengthening

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9
Q

Which is the most unstable carpal bone?

A

Lunate

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10
Q

What carpal bone has most ulnar position?

A

Triquetrum

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11
Q

Which carpal bone is a sesamoid bone?

A

Pisiform

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12
Q

Which is the largest carpal bone?

A

Capitate

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13
Q

Which carpal bone articulates with the first MC?

A

Trapezium

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14
Q

Which carpal bone articulates with the second MC?

A

Trapezoid

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15
Q

Describe the scaphoid.

A

Elongated shape.

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16
Q

Which ligament creates the carpal tunnel?

A

Transverse carpal ligament.

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17
Q

What is the function of the carpal tunnel?

A
  • Passageway for mediaun nerve/tendons of extrinsic finger flexor
  • Prevents bowstringing of tendons, especially during gripping in wrist flexion
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18
Q

Describe radiocarpal joint.

A
  • Concave radius/articular disk

- Convex scaphoid/lunate

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19
Q

Describe the medial compartment of the midcarpal joint.

A

Convex capitate/hamate, concave scaphoid/lunate/triquetrum

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20
Q

Describe lateral compartment of midcarpal joint.

A

Concave trapezium/trapezoid, convex scaphoid.

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21
Q

TFCC Joint

A

Ulnocarpal!!!!!!
Maintains alignment/disperses forces
Extrinsic

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22
Q

Normal amount of wrist flexion

A

0-75/80

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23
Q

Normal wrist extension

A

0-65/70

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24
Q

Normal ulnar deviation

A

0-35/40

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25
Normal radial deviation
0-15/20
26
Extension occurs with...
Radial deviation
27
Flexion occurs with
Ulnar deviation
28
AOR of wrist flex/ext
Capitate
29
Arthrokinematics of radiocarpal joint
Convex carpal on concave radius-- roll and glide in opposite directions.
30
Wrist extension arthrokinematics
Anterior slide, posterior roll
31
Wrist flexion arthrokinematics
Posterior slide, anterior roll
32
Ulnar deviation arthrokinematics
Roll towards midline, slide away
33
Radial deviation arthrokinematics
Roll laterally, slide medially
34
Primary wrist extensors
Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris
35
What two actions do long. Finger flexor create?
Finger flexion and wrist flexion-- counteracted by extensors which cause wrist extension in grip (ECRB, etc)
36
How much wrist extension occurs in maximal effort grip?
30 degrees of extension.
37
Primary wrist flexors
Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus
38
Radial deviators
``` ECRL ECRB EPL EPB FCR ABL FPL ```
39
Ulnar deviators
``` ECU FCU FDP FDS ED ```
40
Radial deviators are innervated by which nerve(s)?
Radial
41
Ulnar deviators are innervated by which nerve(s)?
Median and ulnar nerves
42
First metacarpal rotated
90 degrees medially--required orientation for prehension
43
First metacarpal positoned anterior, allows
Thumb to position itself at fingers for prehension.
44
Transverse arches of the hand
Proximal | Distal
45
What is the proximal transverse arch formed by?
Distal row of carpal bones
46
What is the keystone of the proximal transverse arch?
Capitate
47
Which hand arch is mobile?
Distal transverse arch
48
Distal transverse arch is formed by _____ joints
MCP
49
Which hand arch is rigid?
Proximal transverse arch
50
Distal transverse arch keystone structure
Second and third MCPs | --mobile at 1,4,5 MCP
51
Which CMC joints are stabile
2/3
52
Which cmc joints are mobile
4/5 | -look at when you make a fist-- four and five flex much more than 2/3.
53
Why is the first cmc joint capsule loose?
Allows movement-- reinforced by musculature/ligaments
54
Which motions comprise opposition?
Abduction | Flexion w/ internal rotation
55
Fingers have _____ metacarpals and _____ proximal phalanges
Convex metacarpals | Concave proximal phalanges
56
ROM for first mcp compared to fifth mcp
``` First = 90 degrees Fifth = 110/115 ```
57
Amount of MCP abd/add
20 degrees
58
How many DOF does the thumb have?
One!! Abd/add are accessory motions.
59
Arthrokinematics of IP joints--- ____ distally, ____ proximally
Concave distally | Convex proximally
60
Arthrokinematics of IPS
ROLL AND SLIDE IN SAME DIRECTION
61
Extrinsic hand muscles
Digit flexors Digit extensors Thumb extensors
62
Hand intrinsics
``` Thenar eminence Hypothenar eminence Lumbricals Interossei Adductor pollicis ```
63
Extrinsic flexors
FDP FDS FPL
64
What are fibrous digital sheaths?
Protective tunnels where extrinsic flexor tendons travel
65
Increased force to isolate PIP flexion requires...
Stabilization from proximal stabilizers (ED/wrist extensors)
66
Isolated contraction of MCP hyperextension
``` MCP hyperextension (Requires cont from intrinsics to extend PIP/DIP joints) ```
67
Extrinsic extensors
Extensor digitorum Extensor indicis Extensor DM
68
"Backbone" of extensor mechanism
Central band-- attaches to dorsal base of middle phalanx
69
Lateral bands
- Diverge from central band - Distally fuse to terminal tendon - Attaches to distal phalanx
70
What is the dorsal hood?
Forms a sling around base of prox phalanx
71
What is extrinsic plus position?
MCP extension, IP flexion
72
What is intrinsic plus position?
MCP flexion, IP extension
73
Hand deformity of RA... - FPL - Palmar plate - Ligaments - CMC joint - EPL - Intrinsic muscles
``` FPL taught Stretched EPL Overstretched palmar plate at MCP joint Ruptured proximal ligaments (central band, slipped lateral band) Dislocated CMC joint Contracted intrinsic muscles ```

Kines Final (11 decks)

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