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Kines Final > Hand > Flashcards

Hand Flashcards

1
Q

Ulnar tilt is ______ degrees

A

25

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2
Q

Palmar tilt is _____ degrees

A

10

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3
Q

What is ulnar variance

A

Difference between lengths of radius and ulna

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4
Q

What is considered an abnormal ulnar variance?

A

Difference between radius and ulna length of more than 1 mm

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5
Q

What does “ulnar positive” mean?

A

Ulna is longer than radius

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6
Q

What does “ulnar negative” mean?

A

Distal ulna is shorter than the radius

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7
Q

Pronation is functional ______ of radius

A

Shortening

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8
Q

Supination = functional ______ of radius

A

Lengthening

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9
Q

Which is the most unstable carpal bone?

A

Lunate

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10
Q

What carpal bone has most ulnar position?

A

Triquetrum

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11
Q

Which carpal bone is a sesamoid bone?

A

Pisiform

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12
Q

Which is the largest carpal bone?

A

Capitate

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13
Q

Which carpal bone articulates with the first MC?

A

Trapezium

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14
Q

Which carpal bone articulates with the second MC?

A

Trapezoid

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15
Q

Describe the scaphoid.

A

Elongated shape.

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16
Q

Which ligament creates the carpal tunnel?

A

Transverse carpal ligament.

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17
Q

What is the function of the carpal tunnel?

A
  • Passageway for mediaun nerve/tendons of extrinsic finger flexor
  • Prevents bowstringing of tendons, especially during gripping in wrist flexion
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18
Q

Describe radiocarpal joint.

A
  • Concave radius/articular disk

- Convex scaphoid/lunate

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19
Q

Describe the medial compartment of the midcarpal joint.

A

Convex capitate/hamate, concave scaphoid/lunate/triquetrum

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20
Q

Describe lateral compartment of midcarpal joint.

A

Concave trapezium/trapezoid, convex scaphoid.

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21
Q

TFCC Joint

A

Ulnocarpal!!!!!!
Maintains alignment/disperses forces
Extrinsic

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22
Q

Normal amount of wrist flexion

A

0-75/80

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23
Q

Normal wrist extension

A

0-65/70

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24
Q

Normal ulnar deviation

A

0-35/40

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25
Q

Normal radial deviation

A

0-15/20

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26
Q

Extension occurs with…

A

Radial deviation

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27
Q

Flexion occurs with

A

Ulnar deviation

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28
Q

AOR of wrist flex/ext

A

Capitate

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29
Q

Arthrokinematics of radiocarpal joint

A

Convex carpal on concave radius– roll and glide in opposite directions.

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30
Q

Wrist extension arthrokinematics

A

Anterior slide, posterior roll

31
Q

Wrist flexion arthrokinematics

A

Posterior slide, anterior roll

32
Q

Ulnar deviation arthrokinematics

A

Roll towards midline, slide away

33
Q

Radial deviation arthrokinematics

A

Roll laterally, slide medially

34
Q

Primary wrist extensors

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris

35
Q

What two actions do long. Finger flexor create?

A

Finger flexion and wrist flexion– counteracted by extensors which cause wrist extension in grip (ECRB, etc)

36
Q

How much wrist extension occurs in maximal effort grip?

A

30 degrees of extension.

37
Q

Primary wrist flexors

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus

38
Q

Radial deviators

A 
ECRL
ECRB
EPL
EPB
FCR
ABL
FPL
39
Q

Ulnar deviators

A 
ECU
FCU
FDP
FDS
ED
40
Q

Radial deviators are innervated by which nerve(s)?

A

Radial

41
Q

Ulnar deviators are innervated by which nerve(s)?

A

Median and ulnar nerves

42
Q

First metacarpal rotated

A

90 degrees medially–required orientation for prehension

43
Q

First metacarpal positoned anterior, allows

A

Thumb to position itself at fingers for prehension.

44
Q

Transverse arches of the hand

A

Proximal

Distal

45
Q

What is the proximal transverse arch formed by?

A

Distal row of carpal bones

46
Q

What is the keystone of the proximal transverse arch?

A

Capitate

47
Q

Which hand arch is mobile?

A

Distal transverse arch

48
Q

Distal transverse arch is formed by _____ joints

A

MCP

49
Q

Which hand arch is rigid?

A

Proximal transverse arch

50
Q

Distal transverse arch keystone structure

A

Second and third MCPs

–mobile at 1,4,5 MCP

51
Q

Which CMC joints are stabile

A

2/3

52
Q

Which cmc joints are mobile

A

4/5

-look at when you make a fist– four and five flex much more than 2/3.

53
Q

Why is the first cmc joint capsule loose?

A

Allows movement– reinforced by musculature/ligaments

54
Q

Which motions comprise opposition?

A

Abduction

Flexion w/ internal rotation

55
Q

Fingers have _____ metacarpals and _____ proximal phalanges

A

Convex metacarpals

Concave proximal phalanges

56
Q

ROM for first mcp compared to fifth mcp

A 
First = 90 degrees
Fifth = 110/115
57
Q

Amount of MCP abd/add

A

20 degrees

58
Q

How many DOF does the thumb have?

A

One!! Abd/add are accessory motions.

59
Q

Arthrokinematics of IP joints— ____ distally, ____ proximally

A

Concave distally

Convex proximally

60
Q

Arthrokinematics of IPS

A

ROLL AND SLIDE IN SAME DIRECTION

61
Q

Extrinsic hand muscles

A

Digit flexors
Digit extensors
Thumb extensors

62
Q

Hand intrinsics

A 
Thenar eminence
Hypothenar eminence
Lumbricals
Interossei
Adductor pollicis
63
Q

Extrinsic flexors

A

FDP
FDS
FPL

64
Q

What are fibrous digital sheaths?

A

Protective tunnels where extrinsic flexor tendons travel

65
Q

Increased force to isolate PIP flexion requires…

A

Stabilization from proximal stabilizers (ED/wrist extensors)

66
Q

Isolated contraction of MCP hyperextension

A 
MCP hyperextension 
(Requires cont from intrinsics to extend PIP/DIP joints)
67
Q

Extrinsic extensors

A

Extensor digitorum
Extensor indicis
Extensor DM

68
Q

“Backbone” of extensor mechanism

A

Central band– attaches to dorsal base of middle phalanx

69
Q

Lateral bands

A
  • Diverge from central band
  • Distally fuse to terminal tendon
  • Attaches to distal phalanx
70
Q

What is the dorsal hood?

A

Forms a sling around base of prox phalanx

71
Q

What is extrinsic plus position?

A

MCP extension, IP flexion

72
Q

What is intrinsic plus position?

A

MCP flexion, IP extension

73
Q

Hand deformity of RA…

  • FPL
  • Palmar plate
  • Ligaments
  • CMC joint
  • EPL
  • Intrinsic muscles
A 
FPL taught
Stretched EPL
Overstretched palmar plate at MCP joint
Ruptured proximal ligaments (central band, slipped lateral band)
Dislocated CMC joint
Contracted intrinsic muscles

Kines Final (11 decks)

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