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Kines Final > Foot and Ankle > Flashcards

Foot and Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ankle joint?

A

Talocrural

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2
Q

What is the foot?

A

All tarsal bones and joints distal to TC

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3
Q

What comprises rearfoot?

A

Talus, calcaneus, subtalar joint

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4
Q

What comprises midfoot?

A

Five tarsal bones

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5
Q

What comprises forefoot?

A

Metatarsals, phalanges

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6
Q

Describe distal tibia…

A

Torsion of long axis of tibia 20-30 degrees*

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7
Q

What forms ankle mortis?

A

Malleoli

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8
Q

what creates toe out

A

tibial and femoral torsion

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9
Q

Hip anteversion causes the foot to..

A

Toe in

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10
Q

Hip retroversion causes the foot to…

A

Toe out

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11
Q

Which bone joins the foot to the leg?

A

Talus–no muscular attachments, mainly covered in articular cartilage

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12
Q

All motion in the talus is…

A

Passive

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13
Q

Talus articulates with _____ inferiorly and _____ superiorly

A

Superior: Ankle Mortis
Inferior: Calcaneus

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14
Q

Attachment point for posterior tib

A

Navicular

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15
Q

Important bone to assess bilaterally for differences (foot)

A

Cuboid

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16
Q

Metatarsals have ____ base and ______ head

A

Concave base, convex head

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17
Q

Why are metatarsals arched?

A

To support more weight, provide space for muscles and tendons

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18
Q

Dorsi/P F

  • plane
  • AOR
A

sagittal plane

med-lat AOR

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19
Q

inv/ev

  • plane
  • AOR
A

frontal plane

ant-post AOR

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20
Q

abd/add

  • plane
  • AOR
A

transverse plane

vertical AOR

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21
Q

Pronation AOR, motion combo

A
  • oblique AOR

- dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction

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22
Q

Supination AOR, motion combo

A
  • oblique AOR

- plantarflexion, inversion, adduction

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23
Q

What type of joint is proximal TF?

A

Synovial- but firm to transfer biceps fem and LCL force

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24
Q

What type of joint is distal TF?

A

Syndesmosis

-ligaments limit motion

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25
Q

Why is eversion harder than inversion?

A

Because fibula projects more inferiorly- lateral malleolus blocks to movement

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26
Q

90-95 percent of compressive forces pass thru

A

talus and tibia

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27
Q

Function of deltoid ligament

A

limits excessive eversion – reason it’s less commonly sprained than LCL

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28
Q

Open chain AK at TC joint

A

Convex talus on concave mortis–roll and glide in opposite directions

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29
Q

AK of dorsiflexion

A

posterior glide, anterior roll

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30
Q

AK of plantarflexion

A

anterior glide, posterior roll

31
Q

Lateral Collateral Ligaments ankle

A

Ant/Post talofibular

Calcaneofibular

32
Q

LCL (ankle) function

A

Controls varus stress (inversion)

33
Q

ATFL checks

A

inversion w/pf

34
Q

CFL checks

A

inversion with df

35
Q

PTFL function

A

stabilized tals in mortise

36
Q

TC joint
DoF
Axis
What is close-packed?

A

one DoF– df/pf
oblique axis
cp = df

37
Q

Dorsiflexion:

  • Occurs with
  • Min necessary for normal function
A
  • Slight abd/ev

- 10 degrees

38
Q

Plantarflexion:

  • Occurs with
  • Normal range
A
  • Slight add/inv

- Normal range 20-50

39
Q

abduction/adduction axis

A

vertical

40
Q

dorsiflexion/plantarflexion axis

A

medial-lateral

41
Q

Subtalar joint formed by

A

posterior, middle, anterior facets of calcaneus and talus

42
Q

close packed position for subtalar joint

A

supination

43
Q

inv/ev axis

A

atero-posterior

44
Q

Talonavicular joint function

A

mobility- twisting of midfoot relative to rearfoot

45
Q

what conv/concavv=e structures in TN joint?

A

convex talus with concave navicular

46
Q

Does calcaneocuboid joint allow more or less motion than talonavicular?

A

less

47
Q

When do we utilize the spring ligament of the talonavicular joint?

A

when walking on unstable surfaces

48
Q

Which joint transitions hindfoot and forefoot?

A

Transverse Tarsal (Midtarsal) Joint

49
Q

Purpose of TT joint

A

adds to overall ROM of supination/pronation

50
Q

What is the main function of Lisfranc’s joint?

A

TMT joint– position metatarsals and phalanges relative to weight bearing surface

51
Q

How do metatarsal movements become oppsoite of ankle?

A

at midfoot joint, df causes inversion, plantarflexion causes eversion

52
Q

Which toe digit is used to reference abduction/adduction?

A

Second digit

53
Q

What is hallux rigidis?

A

Limited first mtp extension which is important for gait so must be treated!

54
Q

Most important aspect of mtp joint in gait

A

Need extension in first mtp for toe off in gait!

55
Q

Functions of IP joints

A

Smooth the weight shift to the opposite foot during gait

Maintain stability

56
Q

Function of Medial Longitudinal Arch

A

Loadbearing/shock absorbing

57
Q

What is the medial longitudinal arch formed by?

A 
Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
Cuneiforms
3 Metatarsals (middle three)
58
Q

Plantar aponeurosis orig/ins

A

From calcaneus to proximal phalanx of each toe

59
Q

How to increase tension in plantar fascia? Function of PF?

A
  • Increase tension: active/passive toe extension

- Function = support MLA

60
Q

Rearfoot shock absorption function of MLL

A

WB depresses talus inferiorly which flattens MLA–rearfoot pronation

61
Q

What occurs in an abnormally dropped medial longitudinal arch?

A

Plantar fascia becomes overstretched and weakened so it cannot dissipate or accept body weight

62
Q

What is the transverse arch formed by?

A

Intercuneiform and cuneocuboid joint complex

63
Q

What happens to the transverse arch during WB and why?

A

It flattens during WB which allows weight distribution across all five metatarsal heads.

64
Q

What is coupled with rear foot inversion?

A

Tibial external rotation

65
Q

What is coupled with rearfoot eversion?

A

Tibial internal rotation

66
Q

Superficial ankle plantarflexors and supinators

A

Gastroc, soleus, plantaris

67
Q

Deep ankle plantarflexors and supinators

A

Tibialis posterior, FDL, FHL

68
Q

Roles ofa nkle plantarflexors adn supinators in gait

A

Decelerate forward tibial translation (eccentric)
Accelerate body fwd/upwards (conc)
Stabilize knee extension

69
Q

Ankle dorsiflexors

A

Tibialis anterior, EHL, EDL, peroneals

70
Q

Peroneus longus and brevis are primary…

A

everters– decelerate rate/extent of supination at subtalar jt

71
Q

When are peroneals most active?

A

Mid to late stance

72
Q

Common pathologies at foot

A

plantar fasciitis, heel spurs, hallux valgus/varus, hallux rigidus, pes planus/cavus, lateral ankle sprain/chronic ankle instability

73
Q

What is hallux valgus?

A

bunion– lateral deviation of big toe relative to midline

Kines Final (11 decks)

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