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Kines Final > Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebrae function

A

Vertical stability

Protects spinal cord/nerve roots

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2
Q

Normal curves of cervica/lumbar spine

A

Convex anteriorly

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3
Q

Normal curves of thoracic/sacral spine

A

Convex posteriorly

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4
Q

LoG falls to _______ side of each curve at apex

A

Concave side

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5
Q

Ligamentum flavum action

A

Resists flexion

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6
Q

Supraspinous and interspinous ligament function

A

Limit flexion

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7
Q

Intertransverse ligament function

A

Resist contralateral flexion

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8
Q

Ligamentum Nuchae function

A

Thickening of supraspinous ligaments in cervical area

Adds support to head

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9
Q

ALL function

A

Limits overall extension

Limits excessive lordosis in cervical/lumbar regions

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10
Q

PLL functioni

A

Reinforces intervertebral disks

Limits excessive flexion

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11
Q

Capsular ligaments of spine

A

Surround each apophyseal joint
Sustains 1000 N
Limits all motion except extension

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12
Q

Typical cervical vertebrae

A

C3-C6

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13
Q

Atypical cervical vertebrae

A

C1C2

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14
Q

AA Joint motion

A

Rotation

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15
Q

“Typical” thoracic vertebrae

A

T2-T9

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16
Q

Describe thoracic vertebrae

A

Pedicles directed posteriorly
SPs slant downward
TPs sland posterior-laterally

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17
Q

Describe lumbar vertebrae

A

SPs- broad, rectangular, project horizontally
TPs- project laterally
Articular Facets- Oriented nearly vertical (Superior posterior-medial, Inferior anterior-lateral)

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18
Q

Function of sacrum

A

Transmits weight of vertebral column to pelvis

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19
Q

SP/TP function

A

Increase mechanical leverage of muscles/ligaments

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20
Q

Apophyseal joints AKA

A

Facet joints

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21
Q

Facet joint function

A

Guide intervertebral motion

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22
Q

Interbody joint function

A

Connect intervertebral disc with pair of vertebral bodies

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23
Q

Horizontal facets of apophyseal joints…

A

Factor axial rotation

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24
Q

Vertebral facet function

A

Block anterior translation and axial rotation

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25
What is annulus fibrosis
Concentric layers of collagen fibers encasing the nucleus
26
Function of intervertebral discs
Protect interbody joints: absorbs/distributes loads Protect apophyseal joints: minimize compressive loads Provide stability at spine
27
Positions/activities of lowest interdiscal pressure
Laying supine = lowest | Also low; laying on side, sitting with incline (110?)
28
Positions/actions of highest interdiscal pressure
Highest = bending over with legs straight to lift object | Other high pressure: lifting with bent knees, holding object, bending over to reach object
29
Two DoF of AO joint? Main action?
1-Flexion/extension 2- Lateral flexion Main = flexion extension
30
2 DoF of AA joint
1- Rotation 2- flex/ext Main = rotation
31
DoF of C2-C7
3 DoF due to 45 degree facet angle
32
Arthrokinematics of neck extension
Posterior slide
33
Arthrokinematics of neck flexion
Anterior slide
34
What has more range--protraction or retraction?
Protraction
35
Protraction : Flexes ________ Extends ________
Flexes mid/lower Cspine | Extends upper CSpine
36
Retraction: Extends _____ Flexes ______
Extends mid/lower Cspine | Flexes upper Cspine
37
Arthrokinematics of cervical rotation
Slide posterior on ipsilateral slide, anterior on contralateral
38
Arthrokinematics of lateral flexion
Roll ipsilateral, slide contralateral
39
Coupling in CSpine
Ipsilateral-- Right sidebending = Right rotation
40
TSpine: limited movement secondary to ____
Ribs
41
TSpine: Flexion Extension Total Motion
Flex 30-40 Ext 20-25 Total Motion: 50-65
42
Lumbar has more ________ motion than _______
More flexion/extension than rotation (because of facet orientation)
43
Lumbar ROM
Flexion 40-50 Ext 15-20 Total 55-70
44
Tspine rotation
30-35
45
Tspine lateral flexion
25 to 30
46
Spine rotation
5-7
47
Spine lateral flexion
20 degrees
48
Thoracolumbar flexion arthrokinematics
Superior slide
49
Arthrokinematics of thoracolumbar extension
Inferior slide
50
Thoracolumbar rotation arthrokinematics
Ipsilateral slide
51
Thoracolumbar lateral flexion arthrokinematics
Slides inferiorly ipsilaterally, superiorly contralaterally
52
Used as intervention to reduce spinal nerve root pressure due to narrowing of foramen
Full lumbar flexion (increases foramen diameter)
53
Lumbar extension _____ contact pressure between articular facets
Increase contact
54
Forward flexion w/knees straight-- how much lumbar flexion and how much hip flexion
40 lumbar 70 hip | They can compensate for each other because of lumbopelvic rhythm
55
Extension of trunk w/knees extended initiated by
Extension of hips, then extension of spine | This reduces load on L spine and extensor muscles
56
With a stabile trunk, APT ______ lumbar lordosis
Accentuates -- hip flexors, back extensors
57
With a stabile trunk, PPT _______ lumbar lordosis
Reduces | Hip extensors and abs
58
SI Joint = articulation between...
R/L auricular surfaces of sacrum and uricular surface of ilium
59
Is si joint stabile or mobile
Stabile--reinforced by ligaments and muscles
60
SI joint pain associated with...
Trauma, repetitive strain, posture or unknown origin | **menstrual cycle can greatly impact SIJ laxity
61
SIJ... - Ratation - Translation
1-4 degrees rotation | 1-2 mm translation
62
What is nutation?
Sacral on iliac rotation - posterior pelvic tilt
63
What is counternutation
Iliac on sacral rotation - anterior pelvic tilt
64
Purpose of nutation torque
Increases SIJ stability
65
In nutation, weight of hat translated ...
Through L5, anterior to 1st sacral vertebrae
66
Biggest concern with core stability
Their ability to stabilize-- intrinsic stabilizers of the trunk
67
How to stabilize spine
Controlling alignment and stiffness at intervertebral junctions
68
Lack of fine intrinsic core muscle control leads to
Vulnerable vertebral column
69
About extrinsic muscle stabilizers
Don't stabilize at segmental level--they're bigger and stronger on most people but we need both external and internal to work together
70
When does whiplash occur
Craniosacral muscles can't react
71
First muscles to turn on in shoulder flexion
Internal abdominals, THEN anterior delt This does not happen in pts with LBP because they don't anticipate task (Your body anticipates the task and so it turns on internal abs to stabilize before moving appendicular skeleton)

Kines Final (11 decks)

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