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Kines Final > Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebrae function

A

Vertical stability

Protects spinal cord/nerve roots

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2
Q

Normal curves of cervica/lumbar spine

A

Convex anteriorly

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3
Q

Normal curves of thoracic/sacral spine

A

Convex posteriorly

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4
Q

LoG falls to _______ side of each curve at apex

A

Concave side

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5
Q

Ligamentum flavum action

A

Resists flexion

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6
Q

Supraspinous and interspinous ligament function

A

Limit flexion

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7
Q

Intertransverse ligament function

A

Resist contralateral flexion

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8
Q

Ligamentum Nuchae function

A

Thickening of supraspinous ligaments in cervical area

Adds support to head

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9
Q

ALL function

A

Limits overall extension

Limits excessive lordosis in cervical/lumbar regions

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10
Q

PLL functioni

A

Reinforces intervertebral disks

Limits excessive flexion

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11
Q

Capsular ligaments of spine

A

Surround each apophyseal joint
Sustains 1000 N
Limits all motion except extension

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12
Q

Typical cervical vertebrae

A

C3-C6

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13
Q

Atypical cervical vertebrae

A

C1C2

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14
Q

AA Joint motion

A

Rotation

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15
Q

“Typical” thoracic vertebrae

A

T2-T9

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16
Q

Describe thoracic vertebrae

A

Pedicles directed posteriorly
SPs slant downward
TPs sland posterior-laterally

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17
Q

Describe lumbar vertebrae

A

SPs- broad, rectangular, project horizontally
TPs- project laterally
Articular Facets- Oriented nearly vertical (Superior posterior-medial, Inferior anterior-lateral)

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18
Q

Function of sacrum

A

Transmits weight of vertebral column to pelvis

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19
Q

SP/TP function

A

Increase mechanical leverage of muscles/ligaments

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20
Q

Apophyseal joints AKA

A

Facet joints

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21
Q

Facet joint function

A

Guide intervertebral motion

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22
Q

Interbody joint function

A

Connect intervertebral disc with pair of vertebral bodies

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23
Q

Horizontal facets of apophyseal joints…

A

Factor axial rotation

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24
Q

Vertebral facet function

A

Block anterior translation and axial rotation

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25
Q

What is annulus fibrosis

A

Concentric layers of collagen fibers encasing the nucleus

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26
Q

Function of intervertebral discs

A

Protect interbody joints: absorbs/distributes loads
Protect apophyseal joints: minimize compressive loads
Provide stability at spine

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27
Q

Positions/activities of lowest interdiscal pressure

A

Laying supine = lowest

Also low; laying on side, sitting with incline (110?)

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28
Q

Positions/actions of highest interdiscal pressure

A

Highest = bending over with legs straight to lift object

Other high pressure: lifting with bent knees, holding object, bending over to reach object

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29
Q

Two DoF of AO joint? Main action?

A

1-Flexion/extension
2- Lateral flexion
Main = flexion extension

30
Q

2 DoF of AA joint

A

1- Rotation
2- flex/ext
Main = rotation

31
Q

DoF of C2-C7

A

3 DoF due to 45 degree facet angle

32
Q

Arthrokinematics of neck extension

A

Posterior slide

33
Q

Arthrokinematics of neck flexion

A

Anterior slide

34
Q

What has more range–protraction or retraction?

A

Protraction

35
Q

Protraction :
Flexes ________
Extends ________

A

Flexes mid/lower Cspine

Extends upper CSpine

36
Q

Retraction:
Extends _____
Flexes ______

A

Extends mid/lower Cspine

Flexes upper Cspine

37
Q

Arthrokinematics of cervical rotation

A

Slide posterior on ipsilateral slide, anterior on contralateral

38
Q

Arthrokinematics of lateral flexion

A

Roll ipsilateral, slide contralateral

39
Q

Coupling in CSpine

A

Ipsilateral– Right sidebending = Right rotation

40
Q

TSpine: limited movement secondary to ____

A

Ribs

41
Q

TSpine:
Flexion
Extension
Total Motion

A

Flex 30-40
Ext 20-25
Total Motion: 50-65

42
Q

Lumbar has more ________ motion than _______

A

More flexion/extension than rotation (because of facet orientation)

43
Q

Lumbar ROM

A

Flexion 40-50
Ext 15-20
Total 55-70

44
Q

Tspine rotation

A

30-35

45
Q

Tspine lateral flexion

A

25 to 30

46
Q

Spine rotation

A

5-7

47
Q

Spine lateral flexion

A

20 degrees

48
Q

Thoracolumbar flexion arthrokinematics

A

Superior slide

49
Q

Arthrokinematics of thoracolumbar extension

A

Inferior slide

50
Q

Thoracolumbar rotation arthrokinematics

A

Ipsilateral slide

51
Q

Thoracolumbar lateral flexion arthrokinematics

A

Slides inferiorly ipsilaterally, superiorly contralaterally

52
Q

Used as intervention to reduce spinal nerve root pressure due to narrowing of foramen

A

Full lumbar flexion (increases foramen diameter)

53
Q

Lumbar extension _____ contact pressure between articular facets

A

Increase contact

54
Q

Forward flexion w/knees straight– how much lumbar flexion and how much hip flexion

A

40 lumbar 70 hip

They can compensate for each other because of lumbopelvic rhythm

55
Q

Extension of trunk w/knees extended initiated by

A

Extension of hips, then extension of spine

This reduces load on L spine and extensor muscles

56
Q

With a stabile trunk, APT ______ lumbar lordosis

A

Accentuates – hip flexors, back extensors

57
Q

With a stabile trunk, PPT _______ lumbar lordosis

A

Reduces

Hip extensors and abs

58
Q

SI Joint = articulation between…

A

R/L auricular surfaces of sacrum and uricular surface of ilium

59
Q

Is si joint stabile or mobile

A

Stabile–reinforced by ligaments and muscles

60
Q

SI joint pain associated with…

A

Trauma, repetitive strain, posture or unknown origin

**menstrual cycle can greatly impact SIJ laxity

61
Q

SIJ…

  • Ratation
  • Translation
A

1-4 degrees rotation

1-2 mm translation

62
Q

What is nutation?

A

Sacral on iliac rotation - posterior pelvic tilt

63
Q

What is counternutation

A

Iliac on sacral rotation - anterior pelvic tilt

64
Q

Purpose of nutation torque

A

Increases SIJ stability

65
Q

In nutation, weight of hat translated …

A

Through L5, anterior to 1st sacral vertebrae

66
Q

Biggest concern with core stability

A

Their ability to stabilize– intrinsic stabilizers of the trunk

67
Q

How to stabilize spine

A

Controlling alignment and stiffness at intervertebral junctions

68
Q

Lack of fine intrinsic core muscle control leads to

A

Vulnerable vertebral column

69
Q

About extrinsic muscle stabilizers

A

Don’t stabilize at segmental level–they’re bigger and stronger on most people but we need both external and internal to work together

70
Q

When does whiplash occur

A

Craniosacral muscles can’t react

71
Q

First muscles to turn on in shoulder flexion

A

Internal abdominals, THEN anterior delt
This does not happen in pts with LBP because they don’t anticipate task
(Your body anticipates the task and so it turns on internal abs to stabilize before moving appendicular skeleton)

Kines Final (11 decks)

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