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Pediatrics 👶🏻💕 > JIA > Flashcards

JIA Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of JIA:

A

Arthritis in one or more joints for at least 6 weeks in a child under 16 years old.

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2
Q

JIA Morbidity Risks:

A

Includes joint contractures, blindness from uveitis, and joint destruction.

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3
Q

Symptoms of Arthritis:

A

Joint swelling, tenderness, limited motion, and warmth.

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4
Q

Etiology of JIA:

A

Unknown but involves genetic and environmental factors.

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5
Q

Role of Family in JIA:

A

Higher prevalence among siblings of affected individuals.

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6
Q

Peak Ages for JIA:

A

1-3 years and 8-12 years.

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7
Q

JIA Gender

A

Predisposition: More common in girls.

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8
Q

Pathology of JIA:

A

Chronic synovitis with lymphocyte infiltration and cytokine activity.

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9
Q

Autoantibodies in JIA:

A

. Includes antinuclear antibodies (ANAs).

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10
Q

General Symptoms of JIA:

A

Joint pain, morning stiffness, limping, fever, rash, and eye involvement.

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11
Q

Types of JIA:,

A

Polyarthritis, Systemic-Onset, Psoriatic Arthritis, Enthesitis-Related Arthritis.

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12
Q

Most Common JIA Type:.

A

Oligoarthritis

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13
Q

Oligoarthritis:

A

Affects 1-4 joints, typically knees and ankles.

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14
Q

Oligoarthritis Gender Ratio:

A

Female-to-male ratio of 3:1.

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15
Q

Prognosis of Oligoarthritis:

A

Generally good; 10% may develop into polyarthritis.

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16
Q

Polyarticular JIA:

A

Affects five or more joints, second most common type.

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17
Q

Polyarticular RF-Negative Type:

A

Most common, peak ages 1-4 and 6-12.

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18
Q

Polyarticular RF-Positive Type:

A

Rare, peak at 9-12 years, high female prevalence.

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19
Q

Systemic-Onset JIA:

A

Also called Still’s Disease, presents with systemic inflammation.

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20
Q

Systemic-Onset JIA Fever Pattern:

A

Spiking fever up to 39°C for two weeks.

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21
Q

JIA Skin Symptom:.

A

Salmon-pink macules, especially during fever

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22
Q

Systemic JIA Extra-Articular Signs:

A

Hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, serositis.

23
Q

Diagnosis of Systemic-Onset JIA:

A

Exclusion; labs show elevated ESR, CRP, and ferritin.

24
Q

Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS):

A

Serious complication with systemic inflammation.

25
Q

MAS Signs:

A

High fever, liver issues, pancytopenia, DIC.

26
Q

Psoriatic Arthritis:

A

Arthritis with psoriatic rash or signs like nail pitting.

27
Q

Psoriatic Arthritis Peak Age:

A

11-12

28
Q

Psoriatic Plaques in JIA:

A

Often seen on extensor sides, umbilicus, or perineum.

29
Q

Enthesitis-Related Arthritis:

A

Affects sites like Achilles tendon; HLA-B27 positive.

30
Q

Enthesitis-Related Arthritis Common Age:

A

Boys over 6 years.

31
Q

General Complications of JIA:

A

Contractures, joint space loss, uveitis leading to vision loss.

32
Q

Severe Complications:

A

Joint damage, decreased growth, anemia.

33
Q

JIA Diagnosis Criteria:

A

Arthritis, 6 weeks’ duration, exclusion of other causes.

34
Q

Key Lab Tests for JIA:

A

CBC, ESR, CRP, ANA, RF, HLA-B27.

35
Q

Anemia in JIA:

A

Common in polyarticular and systemic types.

36
Q

Synovial Fluid Analysis:

A

Essential to exclude suppurative arthritis.

37
Q

Synovial Fluid Analysis:

A

Essential to exclude suppurative arthritis.

38
Q

Radiographic Findings in Early JIA:

A

Soft tissue swelling, periarticular osteopenia.

39
Q

Advanced Radiographic Findings:

A

Subchondral erosions, bony destruction.

40
Q

Treatment Goals in JIA:

A

Suppress inflammation, preserve function, prevent deformity.

41
Q

First-Line Medications:

A

NSAIDs like ibuprofen and naproxen.

42
Q

Second-Line Medications:

A

Methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, and sulfasalazine.

43
Q

DMARDs for JIA:

A

Methotrexate, common for polyarticular/systemic JIA.

44
Q

Biologic Agents for JIA:

A

TNF inhibitors like etanercept, infliximab.

45
Q

Risks of Biologics:

A

Infections, malignancy.

46
Q

Corticosteroid Use:.

A

Reserved for severe cases; often bridging therapy

47
Q

Non-Pharmacologic Treatments:

A

Dynamic exercises, occupational therapy, hydrotherapy.

48
Q

ACR Criteria for Remission:

A

No pain, stiffness, fatigue, synovitis, or ESR/CRP elevation.

49
Q

Chronic Uveitis in JIA:

A

Common with positive ANA in oligoarticular JIA.

50
Q

RF-Positive Polyarticular JIA Complication:

A

Rheumatoid nodules, especially on extensor surfaces.

51
Q

Psoriatic Arthritis Extra Features: pitting, onycholysis.

A
52
Q

Enthesitis-Related Arthritis Extra Features:

A

Sacroiliac pain, inflammatory back pain.

53
Q

Long-Term Prognosis of JIA:

A

Most symptoms resolve; complications depend on

Pediatrics 👶🏻💕 (10 decks)

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