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Pediatrics 👶🏻💕 > Gerd > Flashcards

Gerd Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Q: What percentage of cases with Barrett’s esophagus are familial?
A

A: A significant portion is familial, though exact percentage varies.

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2
Q

Q: What is gastroesophageal reflux (GER)?

A

A: Passage of gastric contents into the esophagus with or without regurgitation or vomiting

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3
Q

Q: How is GERD different from GER?

A

A: GERD involves troublesome symptoms and/or complications of persistent GER, such as esophagitis or stricturing.

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4
Q

What is regurgitation?

A

A: Effortless movement of stomach contents into the esophagus and mouth.

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5
Q

Q: What percentage of infants under 3 months vomit daily?
A:.

A

50%

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6
Q

Q: At what age do GER symptoms peak in infants?

A

A: Around 4 months.

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7
Q

Q: By 12 months, what percentage of infants experience GER symptoms?

A

A: Only 5%.

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8
Q

Q: Describe the length of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in infants.

A

A: It is very short, less than 1
A: It is more superiorly located in infants than in adults.

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9
Q

What can cause GER in infants?

A

A: Transient relaxation of the LES and gastric distention from large volume feeds.

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10
Q

Q: What effect does delayed gastric emptying have on GER?

A

A: It increases the frequency of transient LES relaxations

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11
Q

What role do esophageal clearance and mucosal defense play in GERD?

A

A: They help prevent esophagitis.

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12
Q

Q: What percentage of pediatric Barrett’s esophagus cases progress to adenocarcinoma?

A

A: 1-3%.

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13
Q

Q: What percentage of pediatric Barrett’s esophagus cases progress to adenocarcinoma?

A

A: 1-3%.

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14
Q

Q: Can GERD cause asthma?

A

A: Yes, through aspiration and vagal-mediated bronchial spasm.

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15
Q

Q: Can asthma cause GERD?

A

A: Yes, through high negative intrathoracic pressure and LES relaxation.

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16
Q

Q: What rare syndrome is associated with GERD and an abnormal posture?

A

A: Sandifer syndrome

17
Q

How does Sandifer syndrome respond to treatment?

A

A: It responds to acid suppression.

18
Q

How is benign GER typically diagnosed in infants?

A

A: Through history and examination alone.

19
Q

Name a condition associated with GERD and dental issues.

A

A: Dental erosion

20
Q

What is the typical length range of the LES in adults?

A

A: 3-6 cm.

21
Q

What happens to the LES location and length during the first year of life?

A

A: It lengthens and moves inferiorly

22
Q

What is a significant risk factor for GERD in children?

A

A: Large volume feeds causing gastric distention.

23
Q

Q: What is secondary GERD?

A

A: GERD that arises due to other underlying conditions.

24
Q

Q: How often do infants by age 4 months experience GER symptoms?

A

A: Two-thirds of infants experience GER symptoms.

25
Q

Q: What can be a physical complication of GER that characterizes GERD?

A

A: Esophageal stricturing

26
Q

Name one rare complication of pediatric GERD.
A:

A

Barrett’s esophagus

27
Q

Q: What symptom is commonly seen in Sandifer syndrome?

A

A: Opisthotonus positioning (arched back).

28
Q

Which diagnostic group recommends the definition of GER as the passage of gastric contents into the esophagus?
A:

A

NASPGHAN (North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition).

29
Q

Q: What role does esophageal clearance play in GERD?

A

A: It helps reduce esophagitis by clearing refluxed content

30
Q

Q: What is the main difference in the LES between infants and adults?

A

A: In infants, the LES is shorter and located higher.

31
Q

Q: What is the significance of mucosal defense in GER?

A

A: It protects the esophagus from acid damage.

32
Q

Q: Why might certain drugs exacerbate GERD symptoms?

A

A: They can increase LES relaxation.

33
Q

What is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and what is its primary symptom?

A

A: A condition with excessive gastrin leading to peptic ulcers; it often presents with diarrhea.

Pediatrics 👶🏻💕 (10 decks)

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