Jeppesen Oral- Chapter 13 (Ground Handling & Servicing)

Question 1

Name at least three possible hazards that may be encountered during typical ground operations such as during the engine run-up or taxing?

Answer 1

1. Possibility of fire
2. Jet blast
3. FOD
4. High noise level

Question 2

What is the most generally used knot for tying down a small aircraft?

Answer 2

Bowline

Question 3

Describe the precautions that should be taken to protect life and property while starting and running an aircraft engine

Answer 3

Study starting procedures in Flight manual. Be sure propeller area is clear.
Ensure prop/jet blast does not damage any structures

Question 4

If an engine induction fire occurs while starting a reciprocating engine, what procedure should be followed to extinguish the fire?

Answer 4

Continue cranking engine to start it, and suck the fire into the engine.
If engine starts and flame is not extinguish, cut fuel and power and attempt to extinguish with an extinguisher

Question 5

What safety procedures must be observed when hand-propping a small aircraft engine?

Answer 5

Have qualified person in cockpit
Check BRAKES
Call "SWITCH OFF" before moving the prop
When ready to start, call "CONTACT" and listen for reply
Swing prop with flat of your hand

Question 6

What procedure should be followed prior to starting a large radial engine, to detect and prevent hydraulic lock in cylinders?

Answer 6

Pull the propeller through by hand for four complete revolutions. Resistance to prop turning indicates possible hydraulic lock

Question 7

What is the cause of hydraulic lock in large radial engines?

Answer 7

Oil seeps by the piston rings and accumulates in the combustion chamber of lower cylinders. When piston comes up on its compression stroke, lock occurs

Question 8

What is meant by the term, “Hot-start”?

Answer 8

Ignition occurs with an excessively rich mixture, leads to rapid EGT rise

Question 9

When towing an aircraft, should you use the tow vehicle or aircraft brakes to stop the aircraft?

Answer 9

Only in an emergency

Question 10

Why should an aircraft technician become familiar with standard light signals?

Answer 10

Light signals used when aircraft coms or atc coms become inop

Question 11

If a mixture of aviation gasoline and jet fuel is used in a reciprocating aircraft engine, what are the possible results?

Answer 11

Engine may be damaged or destroyed

Question 12

What does the number 100 signify in 100LL aviation gasoline?

Answer 12

It refers to the lean mixture performance number (octane rating) of the fuel

Question 13

Is it permissible to use avgas in a turbine engine?

Answer 13

Limited operation recommended by manufacturer. Excessive use can lead to lead deposits on turbine blades

Question 14

What are some of the possible outcomes of using lower grade of avgas than the specified grade?

Answer 14

increased chance of damage due to detonation, loss of engine power

Question 15

Part 23.973 of the FARs specifies certain markings must be placed adjacent to fuel filler openings. What markings are used for piston engine aircraft?

Answer 15

Filler cap must be marked with fuel grade and the word “AVGAS”

Question 16

Describe the important precautions that should be observed when fueling aircraft

Answer 16

Be certain you are using correct fuel, properly ground the airplane

Question 17

The marking requirements for oil tank filler openings are specified by FAR 23. 1157. What markings are required for a piston engine?

Answer 17

The word “OIL” and permissible grades

Question 18

Where can the standard aircraft taxi hand signals be found?

Answer 18

AIM

Question 19

Under what conditions should a piston engine be pre-oiled?

Answer 19

Prior to starting a new engine or

a preserved engine coming out of storage

Question 20

Under what conditions may automobile gasoline be used in an aircraft engine?

Answer 20

Only if FAA approved usually through STCDS

Question 21

What are the indications of water in aircraft fuel after draining a sample from the fuel sumps?

Answer 21

Sample will appear cloudy or hazy

Question 22

What is the proper way to extinguish an induction system fire that occurs when starting a reciprocating engine?

Answer 22

Keep the engine running, which will blow the fire out. If this does not work, use a CO2 fire extinguisher directed into the carburetor air inlet.

Question 23

What type of fire extinguisher is best suited for extinguishing an induction fire in a reciprocating engine?

Answer 23

Carbon dioxide

Question 24

What must be done if a hung start occurs when starting a turbojet engine?

Answer 24

Terminate the starting operation and find the reason the engine would not accelerate as it should.

Question 25

What is meant by a liquid lock in the cylinder of an aircraft engine, and how is one cleared?

Answer 25

Oil accumulates in the cylinders below the center line of the engine and prevents the piston moving to the top of its stroke. To clear a liquid lock, remove one of the spark plugs and turn the crankshaft until all of the oil is forced out of the cylinder.

Question 26

What special precautions should be taken when towing an aircraft that is equipped with a steerable nose wheel?

Answer 26

Be sure that the nose wheel does not try to turn past its stops. Some aircraft must have the torsion links on the nose wheel strut disconnected when they are being towed.

Question 27

When starting an aircraft engine that is equipped with a float carburetor, in what position should the carburetor be placed?

Answer 27

In the “cold” position

Question 28

How far ahead of an idling turbojet engine does the danger area extend?

Answer 28

25 feet.

Question 29

Why is it important that turbine fuel not be mixed with aviation gasoline that is used in an aircraft reciprocating engine?

Answer 29

The turbine engine fuel will cause the engine to detonate.

Question 30

What grade of aviation gasoline is dyed blue?

Answer 30

Low-lead 100-octane

Question 31

What damage is likely to occur if an aircraft reciprocating engine that is designed to use 100-octane fuel is operated with 80-octane fuel?

Answer 31

Detonation will occur, which will cause such things as bent connecting rods, burned pistons, and cracked cylinder heads.

Question 32

What is the danger of using fuel that vaporizes too easily?

Answer 32

Vapor lock can occur in the fuel lines. This will shut off flow of fuel to the engine.

Question 33

What type of fuel is Jet-A fuel?

Answer 33

A fuel with a heavy kerosene base, a flash point of 110-150 degrees Fahrenheit, a freezing point of -40 degrees Fahrenheit, and a heat energy content of 18,600 Btu/lb.

Question 34

What is the significance of the two numbers, 100/130, in the dual rating of aviation gasoline?

Answer 34

The first number is the octane rating or performance number of the fuel when operating with a lean mixture, and the last number is the octane rating or performance number when operating with a rich mixture.

Question 35

What are two functions of tetraethyl lead that is added to aviation gasoline?

Answer 35

It increases the critical pressure and temperature of the fuel, and it acts as a lubricant for the valves.

Question 36

What information must be located near the fuel tank filler opening in an aircraft powered by a reciprocating engine?

Answer 36

The word “FUEL,” the octane rating or performance number of the required fuel, and for pressure fueling systems, the maximum permissible fueling supply pressure and the maximum permissible defueling pressure.

Question 37

What action should a mechanic take while taxiing an aircraft on a runway if the tower shines a flashing red light at him?

Answer 37

Taxi the aircraft clear of the runway in use

Question 38

What publication lists the standard hand signals that are used for directing a taxiing aircraft?

Answer 38

Advisory Circular 65-9A

Question 39

What should be done to a reciprocating engine fuel system if turbine fuel is inadvertently put into the tanks and the engine is run?

Answer 39

The entire fuel system must be drained and flushed with gasoline, the engine given a compression check, and all of the cylinders given a borescope inspection. The oil must be drained and all of the filters and strainers checked. After the aircraft is properly fueled, the engine must be given a proper run-up and check.