Jenkins: Fandom and Participatory Culture Flashcards
Who are ‘prosumers’? (2)
Audiences that create & consume media.
Revolutionised fan communities by creating & sharing content.
What is ‘textual poaching’?
Fans re-edit or develop meanings through semiotic productivity.
Fan communities are quick to criticise if they feel a text or character is developing in a way they don’t support.
How are fan cultures often stereotyped in the media?
How is this ironic?
Negatively as they value popular culture over traditional culture.
Fan culture is often dominated by middle-class, educated audiences.
What are prosumers seen as?
Positive contribution to human expression & industry.
What are the critics of prosumerism?
Evidence of capitalism’s control & shouldn’t be celebrated.
How has fan behaviour changed?
1970s/80s = collecting & displaying memorabillia.
1990s = internet made fan behaviour more organised (ie conventions)
What is ‘The Cultural Economy of Fandom’, according to John Fiske?
Fandom allows misfits to achieve status & feel a sense of belonging.
What is the ‘shadow cultural economy’, according to John Fiske?
What does it reject?
The space fan culture exists in.
Values of official cultural economy.
How does John Fiske characterise fandoms? (3)
Discrimination & distinction
Productivity & participation
Provide ‘capital accumulation’
According to John Fiske, what are ‘discrimination and distinction’ fandoms?
Organised in a hierarchical way, legitimising the fandom.
Fans identify as a group & debate content.
According to John Fiske, what are ‘productivity and participation’ fandoms?
Semiotic productivity (meanings made by fans). Enunciative productivity (sharing meanings ie inside jokes).
What are the 4 phases of participatory culture?
Emergence
Wake up to web
Push-button publications
Ubiquitous connections
What has fandom become?
What is an example of this?
A big business
Events like Comic-Con events make millions
Fandom has become a big business, with events like Comic-Con making millions.
What does this demonstrate?
What is an example of this?
The size of fan communities so they’re no longer a minority of ‘geek’ stereotypes but mainstream popular culture.
Marvel
What was proposed that was deemed a threat to fandom and participatory culture?
An EU copyright law called Article 13.
