Jaundice Flashcards

1
Q

What is it

A

The yellow discolouration of the mucous membranes, sclera and skin
This happens due to the accumulation of bilirubin

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2
Q

At what bilirubin concentration would you see jaundice

A

> 2.5-3 mg/dL

42.8-51.3mmol/L

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3
Q

Types of jaundice

A

Pre-hepatic
Hepatic
Post-hepatic

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4
Q

Treatment

A

Treat underlying cause

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5
Q

Complications

A
Liver failure
Renal failure
Sepsis
Pancreatitis
Biliary cirrhosis
Cholangitis
Kernicterus (serious complication of jaundice in neonates)
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6
Q

Causes of prehepatic jaundice

A
Criger-Najjar syndrome
Gilberts syndrome
Haemolysis e.g. thalassaemia, sickle cell anaemia
Drugs
Malaria
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
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7
Q

Example of drug that can cause prehepatic jaundice

A

Rifampicin

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8
Q

Causes of hepatic jaundice

A
Viral and drug induced hepatitis
Alcoholic liver disease
Hepatic cirrhosis
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Leptospirosis
Physiological neonatal jaundice
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9
Q

Causes of posthepatic jaundice

A
Gall stones in common bile duct
Pancreatic cancer
Schistosomiasis
Biliary atresia
Cholangiocarcinoma
Mirizzi's syndrome
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10
Q

Investigations

A
Must determine underlying cause
Appearance of urine and stool
LFTs
Bilirubin levels
Alkaline phosphatase levels
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11
Q

In what types of jaundice is urine dark and stools pale

A

Hepatic and Posthepatic

normal in prehepatic

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12
Q

Describe unconjugated bilirubin levels in all types of jaundice

A
Pre-hepatic = normal or high
Heaptic = high
Post-hepatic = normal
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