Gall bladder and bile duct Flashcards

1
Q

Risk factors of gall stones

A

Fat
Female
(Forty)
Fertile

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2
Q

Describe biliary colic gallstones

A

when gallstone is impacted in the gallbladder neck temporarily and is dislodged back into the gallbladder

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3
Q

Describe acute cholecystitis

A

when the gallstone is stuck in the gallbladder neck and causes inflammation

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4
Q

Presentation of acute cholecystitis

A

RUQ pain, fever, nausea and vomiting

Murphy’s sign

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5
Q

Investigations of acute cholecystitis

A

US Scan abdomen

LFTs to exclude liver/bile duct pathology

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6
Q

Treatment of acute cholecystitis

A

Laproscopic cholecystectomy

Supportive - analgesia, fluids if needed

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7
Q

What is ascending cholangitis

A

Gallstone is stuck in Common Bile Duct
The flow of bile prevents intestinal bacteria from migrating up the biliary tree and this process is stopped due to the gallstone

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8
Q

Common bugs in ascending cholangitis

A

E. coli, klebsiella, enterococcus (group D strep)

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9
Q

Ascending Cholangitis:

What is Charcot’s triad and what is Reynold’s Pentad

A

Charcot’s triad: Fever, RUQ pain, Jaundice

Reynold’s Pentad: Hypotension and confusion

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10
Q

Investigations of ascending cholangitis

A

US scan abdomen

NRCP to locate stone

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11
Q

Treatment of ascending cholangitis

A

ERCP to remove stone

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