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Year 3 Paeds > Jaundice > Flashcards

Jaundice Flashcards

1
Q

LFT’s

A

bilirubin - total and split
ALT/AST
Alk Phos
GGT

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2
Q

When are transaminases raised?

A

hepatocellular damage - hepatitis

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3
Q

When is alk phos and GGT raised?

A

biliary disease

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4
Q

Tests to assess liver function

A

coagulation - APTT and PTT
bilirubin
albumin
blood glucose? ammonia?

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5
Q

Some signs of liver disease in children

A 
growth failure
encephalopathy 
jaundice
ascites
clubbing
muscle wasting 
spider naevi
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6
Q

Where does bilirubin come from?

A

breakdown of RBC - haem

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7
Q

pre-hepatic jaundice bilirubin type

A

unconjugated

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8
Q

post-hepatic jaundice bilirubin type

A

conjugated

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9
Q

When is jaundice always pathological in neonates?

A

first 24 hours of life

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10
Q

causes of early jaundice

A

haemolysis

sepsis

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11
Q

causes of intermediate sepsis

A

physiological
breast milk
sepsis
haemolysis

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12
Q

causes of jaundice >2 weeks old

A

extraheptic obstruction
neonatal hepatitis
hypothyroidism
breast milk

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13
Q

“physiological” jaundice

A

shorter RBC life span
relative polycythaemia
immaturity of liver function

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14
Q

what kind of jaundice is physiological and when does it develop?

A

unconjugated

after first day of life

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15
Q

Breast milk jaundice

A

unconjugated

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16
Q

haemolysis causes

A

ABO incompatible
rhesus disease
spherocytosis
G6PD - enzyme defect

17
Q

Complication of unconjugated bilirubin

A

kernicterus

18
Q

kernicterus

A

unconjugated bilirubin is fat soluble and cross BBB
encephalopathy
cerebral palsy

19
Q

Treatment for unconjugated jaundice

A

phototherapy

visible light - blue

20
Q

causes of prolonged conjugated jaundice

A

biliary obstruction

hepatitis

21
Q

Causes of prolonged unconjugated jaundice

A

hypothyroidism

breast milk jaundice

22
Q

is conjugated or unconjugated jaundice in infants always abnormal?

A

CONJUGATED

23
Q

Most important test in prolonged jaundice

A

split bilirubin

24
Q

prolonged jaundice - biliary obstruction

A

biliary atresia
choledochal cyst
alagille syndrome

25
Q

Biliary atresia

A

fibro-inflammatory disease of bile ducts
pale stools
prolonged conjugated jaundice

26
Q

treating biliary atresia

A

kasai portoenterostomy

success declines with age

27
Q

Investigations for prolonged conjugated jaundice

A

split bilirubin
stool colour
USS
liver biopsy

Year 3 Paeds (14 decks)

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