Cardiology Flashcards
8 commonest lesions
VSD PDA ASD Pulmonary stenosis aortic stenosis coarctation of aorta transposition of great arteries tetralogy of fallot
Environmental factors for causing cardiac defects
Drugs eg alcohol, phenytoin
infections - TORCH
Maternal eg DM, SLE
TORCH infections
toxoplasma
rubella
CMV
herpes
What cardiac anomaly is down associated with?
AVSD
Investigations
blood pressure ABG CXR Echo catheter angiography MRI/A Exercise test
Common features of innocent murmurs
systolic no other signs of cardiac disease soft murmur - grade 1/6 or 2/6 vibratory, musical localised varies with position, resp, exercise
4 innocent murmurs
stills - LV outflow
pulmonary outflow
carotid/brachiocephalic arterial bruits
venous hum
Stills murmur
age 2-7
soft systolic, vibratory
apex, left sternal border
increases in supine + exercise
pulmonary outflow murmur
age 8-10 upper left sternal border increases in supine and exercise children with narrow chest systolic, vibratory
carotid/brachiocephalic bruits
age 2-10yrs 1-6/2-6 --> harsh supraclavicular and radiates to neck increase with exercise decrease on turning head
venous hum
age 3-8yrs soft, indistinct continuous murmur supraclavicular only in upright position disappear lying down or turning head
VSD 3 main types and direction of shunt
subaortic
perimembranous
muscular
L to R shunt
presentation of VSD
Pansystolic murmur - lower left sternal edge with thrill
signs of cardiac failure and diastolic rumble if large
effect of VSD on heart
biventricular hypertrophy
pulmonary hypertension
How to close a VSD
amplatzer device
patch closure
