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Year 3 Paeds > Infectious diseases > Flashcards

Infectious diseases Flashcards

1
Q

SIRS in paeds

A

tachypnoea
tachycardia
fever or hypothermia
leucocytosis or leucocytopenia

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2
Q

Paediatric sepsis =

A

SIRS + blood cultures (infection)

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3
Q

paediatric severe sepsis =

A

SEPSIS + multi organ failure

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4
Q

Neonates - causative organisms of sepsis

A

Group B strep
E. coli
Listeria monocytogenes

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5
Q

Children - causative organisms of sepsis

A

Group A strep
meningococcus
S pneumoniae
staph aureus

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6
Q

Symptoms of neonatal sepsis

A 
fever or hypothermia 
cold hands/feet
prolonged cap refill 
chills/rigors 
limb pain 
vomiting and diarrhoea
skin rash 
diminished urine output
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7
Q

causative organisms of neonatal meningitis

A

Same as sepsis

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8
Q

causative organisms of child meningitis

A

meningococcus
S pneumoniae
H influenzae

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9
Q

meningitis symptom

A

nuchal rigidity
headaches, photophobia
diminished consciousness
seizures

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10
Q

Neonates - meningitis symptoms

A

irritable, lethargy, nappy pain, bulging fontanelle

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11
Q

paediatric sepsis 6

A 
temperature 
tachycardia 
poor peripheral perfusion 
altered mental status
tachypnoea 
hypotension
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12
Q

Treating meningococcal sepsis

A

ABC, DEFG
ciclosporin (and amoxicillin if neonate)
chemoprophylaxis

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13
Q

Diagnosing meningococcal sepsis

A 
blood 
- FBC - leucocytosis, thrombocytopenia 
CRP, coagulation, blood gas, glucose
CSF - pleocytosis 
blood and CSF culture - PCR
urine culture 
skin biopsy culture 
CT cerebrum
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14
Q

S pneumoniae transfer

A

droplets as colonises upper airway

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15
Q

pneumococcal meningitis complications

A

brain damage
hearing loss
hydrocephalus

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16
Q

H influenza - gram negative or positive?

A

negative

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17
Q

Where is meningococcus found?

A

nasopharynx

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18
Q

Virulence factors of meningococcus

A

Endotoxin - LPS

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19
Q

What infections can strep and staph cause?

A

impetigo
TSS
cellulitis
septic arthritis

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20
Q

streptococci antibiotic

A

penicillin

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21
Q

staphylococci antibiotic

A

flucloxacillin

22
Q

Causative organism of scarlet fever

A

strep pyogenes = group A beta haemolytic strep

23
Q

Symptoms of scarlet fever

A

2-4 day incubation

malaise, fever, exanthema, strawberry tongue and squamation of hands and feet

24
Q

scarlet fever age

A

2-10 years

25
Q

Treating scarlet fever

A

penicillin for 10 days

26
Q

SSSS

A

staph aureus - <5yrs

fever, widespread redness and fluid filled blisters

27
Q

Kawasaki disease criteria

A 
fever for atleast 5 days and 4 of 
- bilateral conjunctivitis
mucous membranes 
cervical LN 
polymorphous rash 
change of extremities
28
Q

Kawasaki disease other signs

A

peripheral oedema and erythema

periungal desquamation

29
Q

Treating Kawasaki

A

immunoglobulins
aspirin
immunosuppression

30
Q

Henoch Schonlein purpura

A

vasculitis - skin, kidneys

previous viral illness

31
Q

Presentation of VZV

A

children are well
papules and vesicles which crust over
itching

32
Q

complications of VZV

A

secondary staph/strep

meningoencephalitis, arthritis

33
Q

Fetal varicella

A

T cell deficiencies

high fever, new lesions >day 10, inflamed lesions

34
Q

HSV 1+2

A

1 = oral and 2 = genital

35
Q

Neonatal HSV

A

birth canal/direct contact
disseminated/CNS infection
high mortality

36
Q

Hand, foot and mouth causative organisms

A

enteroviruses

coxsackie virus A16

37
Q

Diagnostics for vesicular rash

A

clinical
smear or vesicle - ulcer base
PCR - fluids, blood
serology for past infection

38
Q

Gene mutation in primary immunodeficiencies

A

single gene defect

39
Q

3 types of primary immunodeficiency

A

antibody
cellular
innate - complement and phagocytes

40
Q

antibody deficiency

A

recurrent URTI and LRTI
S pneumoniae and H influenza
subclasses of Ig/absent mature B cells

41
Q

cellular deficiency

A

CMV, pneumocystis

42
Q

innate deficiency

A

staph aureus and apergillos for phagocytes

meningococcus for complement

43
Q

Recognising primary immunodeficiencies

A 
recurrent 
unusual organism 
FH 
severe 
persistent
44
Q

Presenting symptoms of paediatric HIV/AIDS

A 
recurrent common RTI's
persistent oral thrush 
general LN 
CMV, PCP
disseminated HSV/VZV
45
Q

Inheritance of chronic granulomatous disease

A

65% x linked and 35% autosomal recessive

46
Q

Complications of chronic granulomatous disease

A

sever bacterial and fungal infection - aspergillus

47
Q

Treating chronic granulomatous disease

A

haematopoietic stem cell transplant

48
Q

Diagnosing chronic granulomatous disease

A

DHR test - flow cytometry

gene mutation screen

49
Q

Candida vs aspergillus

A

candida is a commensal which goes into the blood

aspergillus is inhaled and pulmonary disease

50
Q

Those at risk of candidaemia

A

neonates with a low birth weight

51
Q

neonatal candidaemia presentation

A

sepsis syndrome
2nd/3rd week of life
thrombocytopenia
hyperglycaemia

52
Q

risk factors for neonatal candidaemia

A 
extreme prematurity <28 weeks
low birth weight 
immature immune system 
broad spectrum antibiotics
abdominal surgery

Year 3 Paeds (14 decks)

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