Jane's Endo Money! Flashcards
Kortegaard HE, Anthony Knudsen T, Dahl S, Agger JFG, Eriksen T. Consequences of crown shortening canine teeth in Greenland sled dogs. Journal of Small Animal Practice. 2015;56(4):264-269.
What is the increase in risk from having crowns shortened on the tooth level and on the dog level?
12 x on the tooth level
4 x on the dog level
Kortegaard HE, Anthony Knudsen T, Dahl S, Agger JFG, Eriksen T. Consequences of crown shortening canine teeth in Greenland sled dogs. Journal of Small Animal Practice. 2015;56(4):264-269.
What does the author state as another common cause of pulp exposure?
•Dogs are living in a rocky environment, chained up and fed semi-thawed food, so incidental fractures are also common
Kortegaard HE, Anthony Knudsen T, Dahl S, Agger JFG, Eriksen T. Consequences of crown shortening canine teeth in Greenland sled dogs. Journal of Small Animal Practice. 2015;56(4):264-269.
by what factor does having pulp exposed increase risk of periapical pathology?
109x
Riehl J, Hetzel SJ, Snyder CJ, Soukup JW. Detection of Pulpal Blood Flow In Vivo with Pulse Oximetry in Dogs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2016;3(MAY).
How often were readings obtained compared to the control region?
25% of the time
Riehl J, Hetzel SJ, Snyder CJ, Soukup JW. Detection of Pulpal Blood Flow In Vivo with Pulse Oximetry in Dogs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2016;3(MAY).
Did the pulse rate match? How much was the SPO2 different by?
Nope,
usually about 10 points lower
Hale FA. Localized intrinsic staining of teeth due to pulpitis and pulp necrosis in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Dentistry. 2001;18(1):14-20.
In what proportion of teeth were there signs of total or partial pulp necrosis?
92%
Hale FA. Localized intrinsic staining of teeth due to pulpitis and pulp necrosis in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Dentistry. 2001;18(1):14-20.
What proportion of teeth had radiographc changes consistent with endodontic disease?
57%
Hale FA. Localized intrinsic staining of teeth due to pulpitis and pulp necrosis in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Dentistry. 2001;18(1):14-20.
What was the calculated risk of unnecessary endodontic treatment?
<10%
Feigin K, Shope B. Regenerative Endodontics. J Vet Dent. 2017;34(3):161-178.
What are 3 requirements for tissue engineering?
- 3 requirements for tissue regeneration:
- Appropriate source of stem cell/progenitor cells
- Growth factors that are capable of promoting stem cell differentiation
- Appropriate scaffold for the regulation of cell differentiation
Feigin K, Shope B. Regenerative Endodontics. J Vet Dent. 2017;34(3):161-178.
What are 3 goals of treatment?
- Primary: Elimination of infection and bony healing
- Secondary: Increased root wall thickness/length
- Tertiary: Positive response to vitality testing
Feigin K, Shope B. Regenerative Endodontics. J Vet Dent. 2017;34(3):161-178.
for what age of patient is this suggested in vet med?
pets of 5 months – 2 years
Feigin K, Shope B. Regenerative Endodontics. J Vet Dent. 2017;34(3):161-178.
What would be te expected timeframe for radiographic changes with success?
•Radiolucency should resolve over 6-12 months, Increase width of root wall after 12-24 months
Juriga S, Marretta SM, Niederberger V. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) for apexification of non-vital immature permanent teeth. J Vet Dent. 2007;24(4):274-277.
What is apexification?
•Apexification is a method of inducing the formation of a calcified barrier in a root with an open apex or the continued apical development of an incompletely formed root in teeth with necrotic pulp
Clarke DE. Vital pulp therapy for complicated crown fracture of permanent canine teeth in dogs: A three-year retrospective study. Clarke DE. Journal of Veterinary Dentistry. 2001;18(3):117-121
What proportion of teeth were vital in each group at 3 months?
All teeth, all groups
Clarke DE. Vital pulp therapy for complicated crown fracture of permanent canine teeth in dogs: A three-year retrospective study. Clarke DE. Journal of Veterinary Dentistry. 2001;18(3):117-121
What proportion of teeth were vital in each group at 1 year?
<48 hours - 95%
2d-1 week - 50%
3 weeks - 25%
Clarke DE. Vital pulp therapy for complicated crown fracture of permanent canine teeth in dogs: A three-year retrospective study. Clarke DE. Journal of Veterinary Dentistry. 2001;18(3):117-121
What proportion of teeth were vital in each group at 3 years?
<48h - 88%
2d-1 week - 41%
3 weeks - 23%
Luotonen N, Kuntsi-Vaattovaara H, Sarkiala-Kessel E, Junnila JJT, Laitinen-Vapaavuori O, Verstraete FJM. Vital pulp therapy in dogs: 190 cases (2001–2011). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2014;244(4):449-459.
What was the failure rate?
15%
Luotonen N, Kuntsi-Vaattovaara H, Sarkiala-Kessel E, Junnila JJT, Laitinen-Vapaavuori O, Verstraete FJM. Vital pulp therapy in dogs: 190 cases (2001–2011). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2014;244(4):449-459.
What was the success rate and the no evidence of failure rate?
success - 73%
NEF - 12%
overall 85% success
Luotonen N, Kuntsi-Vaattovaara H, Sarkiala-Kessel E, Junnila JJT, Laitinen-Vapaavuori O, Verstraete FJM. Vital pulp therapy in dogs: 190 cases (2001–2011). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2014;244(4):449-459
what was the success rate for MTA?
92%
Luotonen N, Kuntsi-Vaattovaara H, Sarkiala-Kessel E, Junnila JJT, Laitinen-Vapaavuori O, Verstraete FJM. Vital pulp therapy in dogs: 190 cases (2001–2011). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2014;244(4):449-459
What was the success rate for CaOH?
58%
Luotonen N, Kuntsi-Vaattovaara H, Sarkiala-Kessel E, Junnila JJT, Laitinen-Vapaavuori O, Verstraete FJM. Vital pulp therapy in dogs: 190 cases (2001–2011). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2014;244(4):449-459
What were factors in the univariate analysis?
dressing material
distinct intraop hemmorhage
penetration of dressing into pulp
use of ab’s (inc failure)
Luotonen N, Kuntsi-Vaattovaara H, Sarkiala-Kessel E, Junnila JJT, Laitinen-Vapaavuori O, Verstraete FJM. Vital pulp therapy in dogs: 190 cases (2001–2011). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2014;244(4):449-459
What were factors in the multivariate analysis and odd ratio?
use of CaOH - 6x risk of failure
deep penetration of the dressing material into the pulp - 5 x risk of failure
Luotonen N, Kuntsi-Vaattovaara H, Sarkiala-Kessel E, Junnila JJT, Laitinen-Vapaavuori O, Verstraete FJM. Vital pulp therapy in dogs: 190 cases (2001–2011). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2014;244(4):449-459
were time from fracture or formation of a dentin bridge significant?
nope
Results of root canal treatment in dogs: 127 cases (1995–2000)
Helena Kuntsi-Vaattovaara, DVM; Frank J. M. Verstraete, DrMedVet, DAVDC; Philip H. Kass, DVM, PhD, DACVPM
JAVMA, Vol 220, No. 6, March 15, 2002
What were the percentages of success, failure and NEF?
success 69% (my favourite number)
NEF 26%
failed 6%
Results of root canal treatment in dogs: 127 cases (1995–2000)
Helena Kuntsi-Vaattovaara, DVM; Frank J. M. Verstraete, DrMedVet, DAVDC; Philip H. Kass, DVM, PhD, DACVPM
JAVMA, Vol 220, No. 6, March 15, 2002
What factors were associated with increased risk of failure?
Pulp necrosis
Pre-existing periapical lucency
pre-operative external inflammatory root resorption
Results of root canal treatment in dogs: 127 cases (1995–2000)
Helena Kuntsi-Vaattovaara, DVM; Frank J. M. Verstraete, DrMedVet, DAVDC; Philip H. Kass, DVM, PhD, DACVPM
JAVMA, Vol 220, No. 6, March 15, 2002
Which teeth were more likely to fail?
canines, mandibular fourth premolars and mandibular first molars
compared to maxillary P4’s
Fulton AJ, Fiani N, Arzi B, Lommer MJ, Kuntsi-Vaattovaara H, Verstraete FJM. Outcome of surgical endodontic treatment in dogs: 15 cases (1995-2011). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2012;241(12):1633.
What were the proportions of success, failure and NEF?
success - 66%
NEF - 33%
no failures
Fulton AJ, Fiani N, Arzi B, Lommer MJ, Kuntsi-Vaattovaara H, Verstraete FJM. Outcome of surgical endodontic treatment in dogs: 15 cases (1995-2011). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2012;241(12):1633.
What were the top 3 reasons?
instrument separation (5)
failure despite appropriate fill (4)
stenotic canals (3)
Fulton AJ, Fiani N, Arzi B, Lommer MJ, Kuntsi-Vaattovaara H, Verstraete FJM. Outcome of surgical endodontic treatment in dogs: 15 cases (1995-2011). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2012;241(12):1633.
what were the most common complications?
haemorrhage, perforation of palatal bone plate, maxillary swelling
Radiographic outcome of root canal treatment of canine teeth in cats: 32 cases (1998–2016). Strøm PC, Arzi B, Lommer MJ, et al. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2018;252(5):572-580.
What were the proportions of success, NEF and failure?
success - 49%
NEF - 32 %
Fail - 19%
Radiographic outcome of root canal treatment of canine teeth in cats: 32 cases (1998–2016). Strøm PC, Arzi B, Lommer MJ, et al. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2018;252(5):572-580.
What was overfilled canal associated with?
vertical compaction with thermoplastic GP
Radiographic outcome of root canal treatment of canine teeth in cats: 32 cases (1998–2016). Strøm PC, Arzi B, Lommer MJ, et al. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2018;252(5):572-580.
What were factors associated with failure?
- Pre-existing EIRR (10x increase - sig)
- Age at time of RCT (older worse - sig)
- obturation voids in the apical third (5x worse, but not significant - small numbers)
- Time since procedure (Treatment success declined steadily past 2 years post treatment)
Stein KE, Marretta SM, Siegel A, Vitoux J. Comparison of hand-instrumented, heated gutta-percha and engine-driven, cold gutta-percha endodontic techniques. Journal of Veterinary Dentistry. 2004;21(3):136-145.
What was the difference in time between the two techniques?
rotary 50% faster
Stein KE, Marretta SM, Siegel A, Vitoux J. Comparison of hand-instrumented, heated gutta-percha and engine-driven, cold gutta-percha endodontic techniques. Journal of Veterinary Dentistry. 2004;21(3):136-145.
What was the difference in leakage between the two techniques?
No apical dye leakage associated with rotary instruments/simplifill/GP technique compared to 44% apical leakage in K-file hand instruments and Succesfil technique.
Apical Microleakage in Root Canals Obturated With 2 Different Endodontic Sealer Systems in Canine Teeth of Dogs. J Vet Dent. Lothamer CW, Anderson A, Hetzel SJ, et al. 2017;34(2):86-91.
what differences were ther ebetween AH plus and gutta flow for leakage?
no difference in prevalence (21% in AH+, 23% in GF)
Apical Microleakage in Root Canals Obturated With 2 Different Endodontic Sealer Systems in Canine Teeth of Dogs. J Vet Dent. Lothamer CW, Anderson A, Hetzel SJ, et al. 2017;34(2):86-91.
what differences were there between AH plus and gutta flow for leakage depth?
AH+ 6.7mm
GF 2.8mm
NSD
Apical Microleakage in Root Canals Obturated With 2 Different Endodontic Sealer Systems in Canine Teeth of Dogs. J Vet Dent. Lothamer CW, Anderson A, Hetzel SJ, et al. 2017;34(2):86-91.
What are the key properties of AH+?
- Epoxy amide sealer, 2 tubes, mix equal parts
- Temperature dependent polymerization, working time of 4 hours, setting time of 8 hours
- Low solubility 0.3%, shrinkage of 1.7%
- Older AH 26 released formaldehyde, AH plus releases 3.9ppm
- Cytotoxic for 4 hours (working time)
Apical Microleakage in Root Canals Obturated With 2 Different Endodontic Sealer Systems in Canine Teeth of Dogs. J Vet Dent. Lothamer CW, Anderson A, Hetzel SJ, et al. 2017;34(2):86-91.
What are the key properties of gutta flow?
- Guttaflow 2
- Silicone based sealer addition polymerization reaction with platinum salt as a catalyst
- Working time is 10 15 minutes, cure time 25 30 minutes
- Expands on polymerization by 0.2%
- Solubility of 0%
- Non toxic in tissue, but will be encased in fibrous tissue
Hernandez SZ, Negro VB, Maresca BM. Morphologic features of the root canal system of the maxillary fourth premolar and the mandibular first molar in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Dentistry. 2001;18(1):9-13.
how common are non apical ramifications overall?
25% of roots
Hernandez SZ, Negro VB, Maresca BM. Morphologic features of the root canal system of the maxillary fourth premolar and the mandibular first molar in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Dentistry. 2001;18(1):9-13.
which root has the highest incidence?
distal root max P4 - 47%
Hernandez SZ, Negro VB, Maresca BM. Morphologic features of the root canal system of the maxillary fourth premolar and the mandibular first molar in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Dentistry. 2001;18(1):9-13.
How common are NAR’s overall in MAx P4’s and Mand M1’s?
, 68.0 of maxillary fourth premolar
20.4’% of mandibular first molar teeth
significant difference
Hernandez SZ, Negro VB, Maresca BM. Morphologic features of the root canal system of the maxillary fourth premolar and the mandibular first molar in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Dentistry. 2001;18(1):9-13.
What is the typical length of the apical delta? Which teeth commonly had a longer one?
1-3 mm
Mandibular M1’s 17% longer than 3mm
Hernandez SZ, Negro VB, Maresca BM. Morphologic features of the root canal system of the maxillary fourth premolar and the mandibular first molar in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Dentistry. 2001;18(1):9-13.
How common are secondary, lateral and accessory canals?
secondary 20% of roots
Lateral 7% of roots
accessory 1.5% of roots
Hernandez SZ, Negro VB, Maresca BM. Morphologic features of the root canal system of the maxillary fourth premolar and the mandibular first molar in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Dentistry. 2001;18(1):9-13
What is the difference between secondary, accessory and lateral canals?
called canals secondary if in the apical 1/3 of the root, called them lateral if they were in the coronal 2/3 of the root. Called them accessory if they branched from a secondary
Hernandez SZ, Negro VB, Maresca BM. Morphologic features of the root canal system of the maxillary fourth premolar and the mandibular first molar in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Dentistry. 2001;18(1):9-13
What amount of tooth was recommended to remove for apicoectomy?
4-6mm
Negro VB, Hernandez SZ, Maresca BM, Lorenzo CE. Furcation canals of the maxillary fourth premolar and the mandibular first molar teeth in cats. Journal of Veterinary Dentistry. 2004;21(1):10-14.
what proportion of cats have a furcation canal in at least 1 tooth?
44.5%
Negro VB, Hernandez SZ, Maresca BM, Lorenzo CE. Furcation canals of the maxillary fourth premolar and the mandibular first molar teeth in cats. Journal of Veterinary Dentistry. 2004;21(1):10-14.
What proportion of all teeth examined had a furcation canal?
27%
Negro VB, Hernandez SZ, Maresca BM, Lorenzo CE. Furcation canals of the maxillary fourth premolar and the mandibular first molar teeth in cats. Journal of Veterinary Dentistry. 2004;21(1):10-14.
what was the average width and range?
104 um and range 25-250
Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Tooth Root Apices in the Dog
Sabás Z. Hernández, DVM, PhD; Viviana B. Negro, DVM, PhD; Georgina de Puch ,
Paula G. Toriggia , DVM
Which teeth had significantly more foramina?
Mandibular M1’s
Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Tooth Root Apices in the Dog
Sabás Z. Hernández, DVM, PhD; Viviana B. Negro, DVM, PhD; Georgina de Puch ,
Paula G. Toriggia , DVM
What was the average diameter of the foramina?
32-35 um
Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Tooth Root Apices in the Dog
Sabás Z. Hernández, DVM, PhD; Viviana B. Negro, DVM, PhD; Georgina de Puch ,
Paula G. Toriggia , DVM
85% of foramina were below what diameter?
50 um
Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Tooth Root Apices in the Dog
Sabás Z. Hernández, DVM, PhD; Viviana B. Negro, DVM, PhD; Georgina de Puch ,
Paula G. Toriggia , DVM
what was the maximum diameter?
234 um
Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Tooth Root Apices in the Dog
Sabás Z. Hernández, DVM, PhD; Viviana B. Negro, DVM, PhD; Georgina de Puch ,
Paula G. Toriggia , DVM
how many foramina did P4’s, canines and M1’s have on average?
P4 - 36
Canine - 38
M1 - 57
Almansa Ruiz JC, Bosman AM, Steenkamp G. Bacterial Profile of Necrotic Pulps in Cheetah (Acinonyx Jubatus) Canine Teeth. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2016;47(1):98-105.
What were the results with culture?
- 55% G+ 45% G-
- Facultative anaerobes 63%, aerobes 28%, anaerobes 8.5%
Almansa Ruiz JC, Bosman AM, Steenkamp G. Bacterial Profile of Necrotic Pulps in Cheetah (Acinonyx Jubatus) Canine Teeth. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2016;47(1):98-105.
What were the results with PCR?
anaerobes (60.8%),
facultative anaerobes (30.2%),
aerobes (8.6%).
Almansa Ruiz JC, Bosman AM, Steenkamp G. Bacterial Profile of Necrotic Pulps in Cheetah (Acinonyx Jubatus) Canine Teeth. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2016;47(1):98-105.
What were the best antibiotics?
•Amikacin and gentamicin
Almansa Ruiz JC, Bosman AM, Steenkamp G. Bacterial Profile of Necrotic Pulps in Cheetah (Acinonyx Jubatus) Canine Teeth. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2016;47(1):98-105.
What were the worst antibiotics?
•Lyncomycin and Lincospectin and orbifloxacin were the worst
Srečnik Š, Zdovc I, Javoršek U, Pirš T, Pavlica Z, Nemec A. Microbiological Aspects of Naturally Occurring Primary Endodontic Infections in Dogs. Journal of Veterinary Dentistry. 2019:0898756419873639.
How many bacterial species were cultured?
•61 isolates cultured representing 30 bacteria
Srečnik Š, Zdovc I, Javoršek U, Pirš T, Pavlica Z, Nemec A. Microbiological Aspects of Naturally Occurring Primary Endodontic Infections in Dogs. Journal of Veterinary Dentistry. 2019:0898756419873639.
What was found as the duration of fracture increased?
•number of isolates cultured decreased
Srečnik Š, Zdovc I, Javoršek U, Pirš T, Pavlica Z, Nemec A. Microbiological Aspects of Naturally Occurring Primary Endodontic Infections in Dogs. Journal of Veterinary Dentistry. 2019:0898756419873639.
What was the bacterial profile?
- 54% were Gram-negative bacteria, 46% gram positive
- 53% were facultative anaerobic, and 42% were anaerobic bacteria, 5% aerobes.
Srečnik Š, Zdovc I, Javoršek U, Pirš T, Pavlica Z, Nemec A. Microbiological Aspects of Naturally Occurring Primary Endodontic Infections in Dogs. Journal of Veterinary Dentistry. 2019:0898756419873639.
What was concluded with regards to species?
•naturally occurring primary endodontic infections in dogs are polymicrobial and involve a select number of opportunistic pathogen species, which are part of the normal oral flora of dogs.
